Fusion of solids

Fusion of solids. As the temperature is constant during the process of fusion, the fundamental equation (1), p. 83, assumes the form. rr 

For 1 gr. of substance the change of volume dv on fusion is equal to the difference between the specific volumes in the solid and hquid states, Writing w for the 

The integral is the change of internal energy produced by the fusion of unit mass, or the internal latent heat of fusion w In general the difference between the total heat of fusion and w is a small quantity, as the change in volume on melting is very small. 

The following example will illustrate this. For water we have w = cal. I gr. of ice contracts on melting by 0 09 c.c., so that the difference nq. — 8oi.= c.c. If the fusion takes 

It is therefore quite neghgible in comparison with the total latent heat. 

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FIG. 11-56 Heat-transfer equipment for fusion of solids, a) Horizontal-tank type. (Coutiesy of Sttxithers Wells Corp. ) (h) Agitated kettle. (Cowtesy of Read-Standard Division, Capital Products Co.) (c) Donble-dnim mill. (Coutiesy of FaiTel-Bitmingham Co.)... 

Wauchope, R.D., Getzen, F.W. (1972) Temperature dependence of solubilities in water and heats of fusion of solid aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Eng. Data 17, 38-41. 

The latent heat of fusion of solid sulphur varies with the different allotropic forms and with the temperature it is lowest for octahedral sulphur it is also influenced by the proportion of insoluble sulphur (y- or fjt,-) in the original solid and in the liquid formed.8 By electrical heating at the melting-point, the latent heat of fusion of monoclinie sulphur has been found to be 4 8-85 gm.-cals. per gm. 

I2 (liq.). Vapor pressure data for liquid iodine were reported by Ramsay and Young,1 Stelzner and Niedersehulte,1 and Rassow.1 These data yield for the heat of vaporization, V— —12.75 + 0.0056 ( +273.1). Combination of this equation with that for the heat of sublimation gives for the heat of fusion of solid iodine, F= —3.3+0.0016 ( +273.1), or —4.0 at the melting point. See also Rideal.1... 

Wauchope, R. D., and F. W. Getzen, Temperature Dependence of Solubilities in Water and Heats of Fusion of Solid Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1972 17, 38-41. 

As203 (liq.). The above vapor pressure data yield a surprisingly large value for the heat of fusion of solid arsenic trioxide. 

Latent heat of fusion of solid. 74 calories 5 79-7 calories... 

A single substance exists simultaneously in the two states, liquid and solid, case to which applies the theory of the fusion of solids and the congelation of liquids. 

The most popular and elegant specimen preparation technique introduced by Claisse 17] is based on fusion of solid specimens with lithium tetraborate. The method was used with great success in our laboratory for the rapid quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis of silicates, bricks, refractories, limes, iron, and manganese ores. The use of lithium tetraborate and lithium fluoride flux systems was therefore examined first. 

Fig. 15.10. Schematic plot of the two-body interaction b of polystyrene in benzene against inverse temperature. The inverse temperature of fusion of solid benzene is marked by a bar on the horizontal axis. (From Yamamoto et al.a)...

In various areas of science and applications, where these basic mechanisms of system destabilization play an important role, different terms, often specific to a particular area of application, are used as synonyms. For instance, the isothermal mass transfer taking place in solid materials is referred to as recrystallization, or coalescence of inclusions in the case of two-phase systems (we will further avoid the use of term coalescence in such sense). Such process taking place in precipitates is referred to as the Ostwald ripening. The fusion of solid particles (in many cases similar to coalescence) is known as sintering. 

Density, Melting Point. Boiling Point, Latent Heat of Fusion, Vol. Change on Fusion, % of Solid Latent Heat of Vaporization... 

What is the entropy change for the melting of 3.87 moles of bismuth at its melting point of 271.3°C The heat of fusion of solid Bi is 10.48 kJ/mol. (Bismuth is one of the few materials, including water, that is less dense in solid form than in liquid therefore, solid Bi floats in liquid Bi, like ice floats in water.)... 

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