Fused droplet electrospray ionization

Fused Droplet Electrospray Ionization and Extractive Electrospray Ionization... 

Chang, D.Y., Lee, C.C., Shiea, J. (2002) Detecting large biomolecules from high-salt solutions by fused-droplet electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 74, 2465-2469. 

Electrospray laser desorption ionization (ELDI) is a technique developed for characterizing solid, liqnid, and gas samples without or with minimal sample pretreatment [33]. An ELDI sonrce consists of a sample plate, a laser beam, and an electrospray nnit. Unlike MALDI, no application of organic matrix on the sample is needed before laser desorption. In ELDI, a pnlsed UV or IR laser beam is nsed to vaporize and desorb analytes on solid snrfaces the desorbed analytes are snbseqnently ionized in an ESI plnme positioned several millimeters above the laser spot. The ionization mechanisms of ELDI are similar to those of fused droplet-electrospray ionization (ED-ESI) [34], where charged solvent (e.g., methanol and water) species snch as H+,... 

Shieh, I.F. Lee, C.Y. Shiea, J. Eliminating the Interferences from TRIS Buffo and SDS in Protein Analysis by Fused-Droplet Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. 2005, 4, 606-612. 

Instead of a separate sample sprayer, an ultrasonic nebulizer may also deliver a sample-containing aerosol, which is transported and admixed to the electrospray mist by action of a mild stream of nitrogen. As the droplets of both origins are fused inside a small housing enclosing the spray, this approach has been termed jused-droplet electrospray ionization, and thus, led to the the somewhat confusing acronym FD-ESI [39,40]. 

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