Furnaces coke-fired

Carbonyl sulfide is an intermediate in this reaction. A mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen was blown into the bottom of coke-fired reduction furnace and sulfur vapor condensed from the off-gases. Trail is the location of a large mine and smelter in British Columbia. The process was originally used in the 1930s for abating air pollution from the smelter, but when the demand for sulfuric acid for fertilizer production increased in 1943 it became obsolete. See also Boliden (1), RESOX. 

This description in fact does not refer to the crematory ovens at all, but rather to the coke-fired air heaters in Hut 28 and the delousing chambers III and IV. As shown in section 2, these installations are coke ovens whose furnaces were located beneath the floor, so it was true to say a fire burned underground . No combustion procedure took place in the upper part of the oven at all, so that the oven itself did not burninstead it only collected hot air . The temperature mentioned by the witness - 2,000 degrees Celsius - would, of course, be far too high - not only for a hot air chamber, but for a crematory oven as well.67 The reported number of victims - thousands per day - at another point - two million victims by the end of 194 3 68 - are, of course, purely atrocity propaganda. 

Research and Bench-Scale Feasibility Studies. The reaction between carbon and sulfur dioxide at elevated temperatures is well known and has been used for numerous processes. For example, sulfur was produced at Trail, British Columbia from 1935 to 1943 by blowing sulfur dioxide and oxygen into the bottom of a coke-fired reduction furnace. Coke was charged at the top and ash was removed on a rotary grate at the bottom of the furnace. The hot zone of the furnace was kept at 1300°C to maintain rapid reaction rates and smooth operation. Sufficient sulfur dioxide was added to the gas to react with the carbon monoxide and carbon oxysulfide contained in the reduction furnace off-gas. Coal was con-... 

Due to the absence of cokes (and CO), no latent heat is lost from the cokeless furnace system. Full heat recuperation from the flue-gas occurs in the shaft. In duplex configurations (for example in conjunction with an induction furnace), efficiencies in the range of 40 to 60 % may be obtained. Thermal efficiencies for coke fired cupolas vary between 25 % (cold blast) and 45 % (hot blast, long campaign). 

The carbonization by-products are usually refined, within the coke plant, into commodity chemicals such as elemental sulfur (qv), ammonium sulfate, benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene (qv) (see also Ammonium compounds BTX processing). Subsequent processing of these chemicals produces a host of other chemicals and materials. The COG is a valuable heating fuel used mainly within steel (qv) plants for such purposes as firing blast furnace stoves, soaking furnaces for semifinished steel, annealing furnaces, and lime kilns as well as heating the coke ovens themselves. 

Knowledge of the composition of coal ash is usehil for estimating and predicting coal performance in coke making and, to a hmited extent, the folding and corrosion of heat-exchange surfaces in pidverized-coal-fired furnaces. 

Ofen-trocknung, /. kiln (or oven or stove) drying. -tlir, -tiire, /. door (esp., the fire door) of a furnace, oven, kiln or stove (Ceram.) wicket, -verkokung, /. coking in ovens, -ziegcl, m. fire brick stove tile, -zug, m. furnace (or oven or kiln) draft, offen, a. open (of sound) hollow clear, clever, frank. — offener Dampf, direct steam, live steam. 

Three different types of furnaces are generally in use for calcination. The shaft furnace is considered to be the most suited for calcining coarse limestone. Furnaces of the rotary kiln type are used for handling materials of mixed particle sizes and lumps which disintegrate during the process. Calcination can be carried out in a fluidized bed-reactor for materials of small and uniform particle size. These furnaces are usually fired with gas, oil or coke in some cases electric heating is resorted to. 

According to [4], two coincineration routes can be utilized with good energy recovery coincineration in coal-fired thermoelectric plants and coincineration in cement furnaces to replace fossil fuels, which in the Brazilian case is generally petroleum coke (petcoke). The substitution in power plants is up to 10% and in cement plants up to 30% by weight. The calorific power of the SRF in the study by [4] is 18 MJ/kg or 4,300 kcal/kg, which corresponds to 6% of the calorific power of coal. 

The flammability and explosivity of high-sulfur petroleum coke dust (particle size <75 pm) were examined. Air-dried powder was non-explosive but fire-prone above 400°C. A 5 mm layer became incandescent at 420-470° and a dust cloud ignited at 520-660°C [1]. The fire and explosion hazards of petroleum coke or anthracite, when used in the manufacture of furnace electrodes, may be reduced by heat treatment [2],... 

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