Fungal infections nosocomial

Nosocomially acquired fungal infections may arise from either exogenous or endogenous flora. Endogenous flora may include normal commensals of the skin, gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary, or respiratory tract. C. albicans is found as a normal commensal of the GI tract in 20% to 30% of humans. ... 

Both Aspergillus and Candida are very common nosocomial infections in the environment, although infections with C. Tropicalis, albicans and C. par ap silo sis which used to be very prevalent have now decreased and there is a corresponding increase in infections with azole-resistant species such as C. glabrata and krusei (Dignani et al., 2002). The incidence and severity of invasive fungal infections is closely related to the presence and severity of various other risk factors. These include ... 

Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens encountered in hospitals, ranking as the third to fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States Hospitals.18 The incidence of nosocomial candidiasis has increased steadily since the early 1980s, with the widespread use of central venous catheters, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, and other advancements in the supportive care... 

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