Functional-Type Diversity

Structural type. Diversity-oriented synthesis is a new strategy for constructing libraries with both skeletal and functional group diversity. 

The lung contains more than 40 different types of cells, amongst which epithelial cells are vital for maintenance of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier. The epithelium also provides absorptive and secretive functions. The diversity of epithelial cell types is summarized as airway epithelium and alveolar epithelium cells. 

Arylsulfonyl chlorides are pivotal precursors for the preparation of many diverse functional types including sulfonate esters,8 amides,4 sulfones,9 sulfinic acids,10 and others.11 Furthermore, sulfonyl fluorides are best prepared from sulfonyl chlorides.12 The sulfonyl fluorides have many uses, among which is their utilization as active site probes of chymotrypsin and other esterases.13 The trifluoromethyl group also plays valuable roles in medicinal chemistry.14... 

The critical point In the preceding Utopian prediction Is whether or not chiral coluonns can be devised which will Indeed efficiently and predictably separate the enantiomers of a wide array of solutes. Work conducted In our laboratory In Urbana leads us to believe that such Broad Spectrum CSP s are clearly possible, that their chiral recognition mechanisms can be discerned, and that an understanding of these mechanisms can be used for the rational design of still more effective CSP s (5-10). To support this belief, let us describe a simply prepared chiral chromatography column capable of separating the enantiomers of thousands of compounds of diverse functional types. 

Thus thioacyl cysteines appear to participate in the catalytic function of diverse types of enzymes, even when the conservation of a high energy bond is not the prime consideration. 

There is a widespread consensus that in terms of producing functionally (biologically) diverse molecules, the most important type of diversity that can be incorporated into a library is scaffold diversity.The rationale behind this is that biomacromolecules are (on a molecular scale) large 3D environments with certain defined potential binding pockets and surfaces, and as such they will interact only with small molecules that have complementary 3D structure. Libraries that contain compounds based around distinct molecular scaffolds and so distinct 3D shape and stmcture should therefore cover a large range of potential binding partners. 

When investigating the difference between the forests, one forest had a much higher incidence of trees in Lawson s upper canopy - light wood functional type and this contributed to the noticeable difference in (p-diversity between the three forests. 

Oxytocin and Vasopressin Receptors. The actions of oxytocin and vasopressin are mediated through their interactions with receptors. Different receptor types as well as different second messenger responses help explain their diverse activities in spite of the hormones stmctural similarities. Thus oxytocin has at least one separate receptor and vasopressin has been shown to have two principal receptor types, and V2. Subclasses of these receptors have been demonstrated, and species differences further compHcate experimental analysis. It is apparent that both oxytocin and receptors function through the GP/1 phosphoHpase C complex (75), while the V2 receptors activate cycHc AMP (76). 

Spider Silk. Spider silks function ki prey capture, reproduction, and as vibration receptors, safety lines, and dispersion tools. Spider silks are synthesized ki glands located ki the abdomen and spun through a series of orifices (spinnerets). The types and nature of the various silks are diverse and depend on the type of spider (2). Some general categories of silks and the glands responsible for thek production are Hsted in Table 1. 

Despite their simplicity, certainly compared to the all-atom potentials used in molecular dynamics studies, these contact energy functions enable the exploration of different interaction scenarios. This diversity is achieved by changing the heterogeneity of the sequence, by altering the number N of different types of residues that are being used. The most elementary lattice model involves only two types of monomers hydrophobic... 

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