Functional grounding

Diamandis P, Wildenhain J, Clarke ID et al (2007) Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. Nat Chem Biol 3 268-273... 

The optimization of minima and saddle points of a function in many variables is reviewed. Emphasis is on methods applicable to the calculation of electronic wave functions (ground and excited states) and the optimization of minima and transition states of molecular potential energy surfaces. 

One may however consider that the integrated operation of its individual components confers to a molecular (covalently linked) device a flavour of supramolecular nature, since its function extends over the whole device in a sort of superstructure fashion. It then would appear justified to include in the domain of supramolecular chemistry systems that bear relation to supramolecular species on functional grounds, systems whose function is of supramolecular nature although they are clearly molecular in terms of structure and bonding. A further reason for not excluding such a possibility lies in the considerable enrichment that such an open view brings to the field ... 

The current view is that in a porous medium, two liquid-phase regions can be identified on functional grounds (Yaron et al., 1996). The first is near the solid phase and is considered the most important surface reaction zone of the porous medium system. This near-surface water also controls the diffusion of the mobile fraction of the solute in contact with (sorbed on) the solid phase. The second region covers the free water zone, which governs the water flow and solute transport in soils (Fig. 10.2). 

Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M, Li Y, Jagtap P, Mizushima N, Cuny GD, Mitchison TJ, Moskowitz MA, Yuan J. Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2005 1 112-119. Diamandis P, Wildenhain J, Clarke ID, Sacher AG, Graham J, Bellows DS, Ling EK, Ward RJ, Jamieson LG, Tyers M, Dirks PB. Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007 268-273. 

Pile Installation Method Function Ground Conditions Expected Group Efficiency Design Group Efficiency (with minimum spacing equals to 2.5 pile perimeter)... 

Base-Isolated Systems, Reliability-Based Characterization of. Fig. 5 Envelope function, ground motion spectrum, and a sample ground motion... 

Note well there is nothing fundamental about the lognormal distribution that makes it ideal or exact for fragility functions, ground motion, and so on. It is commonly used for several reasons ... 

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