Functional conjugated polymers

J. Roncali, Electrogenerated functional conjugated polymers as advanced electrode materials, J. Mater. Chem., 9 1875-1893, 1999. 

COLORIMETRIC SENSING AND BIOSENSING USING FUNCTIONALIZED CONJUGATED POLYMERS... 

Leclerc M. Optical and electrochemical transducers based on functionalized conjugated polymers. Adv Mater 1999 11 1491-1498. 

Using a different approach, the research gronps of Fabre and Freund have synthesized boronate-functionalized conjugated polymers, which serve as electrochemical sensors. For example, a conjugated redox-active film of polypyrrole (174) was electrodeposited onto a platinum electrode from acetonitrile solution. Addition of fluoride anions led to a new redox system that showed an anodic shift relative to polypyrrole itself, which was attributed to fluoride binding to the boronate group. A related poly(aniline boronic acid) (175) was also reported and studied for saccharide detection. " ... 

I. Van Severen, F. Motmans, L. Lutsen, T. J. Cleij, and D. Vanderzande. Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivatives with ester- and carboxy-function-alized substituents a versatile platform towards polar functionalized conjugated polymers. Polymer, 46(15) 5466-5475, July 2005. 

Functionalized conjugated polymers obtained by polymerization of thiophene monomers derivatized by covalently attached functional groups have been developed for almost two decades. However, while the field remains very active, it has been subjected to considerable changes in its objectives and methods during the last 10 years. Recent years have witnessed the use of new functionalized PT derivatives for advanced applications such as chemical, electrochemical, or bioelectrochemical sensors, and optoelectronic devices [12]. 

Electropolymerization of a functionalized precursor represents a straightforward method for the realization of modified electrodes endowed with specific electrochemical or optical properties. Electrode materials based on electrogenerated functional conjugated polymers and their application as electrochemical sensors have been already reviewed [162-165]. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the optical properties of ir-conjugated polymers to conformational changes has led to the realization of colorimetric sensors for the detection of various analytes extending from alkali metal ions to anions and biomolecules [165-168]. In general, the realization of sensors based on functional PTs relies on the fact that complexation at a side chain may lead to perturbation of the polymer conformation, which can be read by either electrochemical or optical methods. 

Roncali, J. 1998. Advances in the molecular design of functional conjugated polymers. In Handbook of conducting polymers, eds. T.A. Skotheim, R.L. Elsenbaumer, and J.R. Reynolds. New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 311-341. 

Shimidzu, T. (1995). Functionalized conjugating polymers From molecule and ions transporting membranes to advanced electronic and photonic materials. Pure Appl. Chem. 67(12), 2039-2046. 

Langmaier J, Opekar F, Samec Z (1997) Amperometric solid-state NO sensor based on plasticized PVC matrix containing a hydrophobic electrolyte. Sens Actuators B 41 1-6 Leclerc M (1999) Optical and electrochemical transducers based on functionalized conjugated polymers. Adv Mater 11 1491-1498... 

CHA 12] Charas a., Morgado J., Oxetane-functionalized Conjugated Polymers in Organic (Opto)Electronic Devices , Current Physical Chemistry, vol. 2, pp. 241-264, 2012. 

Thus, the bioactive dipeptide-proteolytic enzyme [154], oligonucleotide-complementary oligonucleotide [153, 155, 157, 158], antigen-antibody [156,161], and biotin-avidin [159,160] interactions have been transduced into changes of a signal characteristic of the functionalized conjugated polymer. As shown in Fig. 8,... 

Advances in the Molecular Design of Functional Conjugated Polymers... 

Miniaturization of the conjugated polymer/Ceo heterojunction devices described above has been realized by Rubner and co-workers [154-156,159]. Very uniform and pinhole-free films with charged, functionalized, conjugated polymers and fullerenes were demonstrated using the techniques of self-assembly [154-157]. Fabrication of 15 nm PPV light emitting diodes using the self-assembly of the precursor polymer on the substrate (followed by conversion to PPV) have been reported [154-157]. 

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