Bioelectrochemical sensors

Bioelectrochemical sensors using ionic liquids as electrolyte medium... 

Bioelectrochemical sensors can be divided into two groups poten-tiometric and amperometric. Since the description by Clark43 of the first electrochemical biosensor based on the oxygen electrode, many poten-tiometric and amperometric sensors using enzymes44 and other materials have been designed and applied. 

Horseradish peroxidase SWCNT/chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) Bioelectrochemical sensor [106]... 

Eshkenazi R. I., Neufeld I. T., Opatowsky T., Shaky J. S., and Rishpon J., Recombinant single chain antibodies in bioelectrochemical sensors, Talanta, 55, 899-907, 2001. 

Functionalized conjugated polymers obtained by polymerization of thiophene monomers derivatized by covalently attached functional groups have been developed for almost two decades. However, while the field remains very active, it has been subjected to considerable changes in its objectives and methods during the last 10 years. Recent years have witnessed the use of new functionalized PT derivatives for advanced applications such as chemical, electrochemical, or bioelectrochemical sensors, and optoelectronic devices [12]. 

SCHEME 18.10 Bioelectrochemical sensor using the biotine-avidine recognition and an ECP matrix as a mediator for the electron transfer. 

Aizawa M., Karube I. and Suzuki S. (1974) A specific bioelectrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide. Anal. Chim. Acta, 69, 431-437. 

Davis G, Hill HAG, Aston WJ, Higgins IJ, Turner APR 1983. Bioelectrochemical fuel cell and sensor based on a quinoprotein, alcohol dehydrogenase. Enzyme Microb Technol 5 383-388. 

Riedel K, Renneberg R, Liebs P (1988) Biochemical basis of kinetically controlled microbial sensors.Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 19 137-144... 

Riedel K (1991) Biochemical fundamentals and improvement of selectivity of microbial sensors - a minireview. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 25 19-30... 

Electrochemical applications of polyanilines comprise - electro chromic devices, - electrochemical sensors, and bioelectrochemical devices (- biosensors, - biofuel cells). 

Bioelectrochemical generation of power by enzymes has also been considered. " " The usage of enzymes as catalysts in fuel cells has been vastly experimented, " and currently some enzymatic fuel cells are being used to produce electricity to power many number of electrical devices, like pumps, valves and pacemakers, or electronic devices, like radios, sensors, controllers, and processors. At present however, enzymatic fuel cells have been... 

The development of chemically modified electrodes, CMEs, has now reached a level of maturity which allows the inclusion of such electrochemical cells into various sensing devices. Special interest has been focused on the electron transfer or rather the hindrances for electron transfer during bioelectrochemical reactions. Studies of the oxidation of the reduced form of the nicotinamide coenzymes NADH and NADPH are attractive because a single electrochemical transducer reaction can be combined with any of the great number of dehydrogenases to give a sensor with the desired selectivity. 

Gebhardt U, Luft G, Richter GJ, Von Sturm F (1978) Development of an implantable electrocatalytic glucose sensor. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 5 607-624... 

Campanella L, Achili M, Sammartino MP, Tomasetti M (1991) Butyrylcholine enzyme sensor for determining organophosphoms inhibitors. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 26 237-249... 

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