Tangent function

The offer wage function through represents lower profits than the offer wage function tangent to (0i>02>. The expansion in safety via OSHA s direct effect reduces firm profitability — the wage decrease does not compensate for the increase in safety expenses. 

Activation function Tangent-sigmoid at hidden and output layers. 

Figure C3.6.6 The figure shows tire coordinate, for < 0, of tire family of trajectories intersecting tire Poincare surface at cq = 8.5 as a function of bifurcation parameter k 2- As tire ordinate k 2 decreases, tire first subhannonic cascade is visible between k 2 0.1, tire value of tire first subhannonic bifurcation to k 2 0.083, tire subhannonic limit of tire first cascade. Periodic orbits tliat arise by tire tangent bifurcation mechanism associated witli type-I intennittency (see tire text for references) can also be seen for values of k 2 smaller tlian tliis subhannonic limit. The left side of tire figure ends at k 2 = 0.072, tire value corresponding to tire chaotic attractor shown in figure C3.6.1(a). Otlier regions of chaos can also be seen.

A diblock copolymer, 71% polyisoprene (1) by weight and 29% polybutadiene (B), was blended in different proportions into a 71%-29% mixture of the individual homopolymers. The loss tangent was measured as a function of temperature for various proportions of copolymer. Two peaks are observed ... 

Fig. 8. Tangent modulus (T), tenacity ( ), and elongation (A ) as a function of take-up velocity for nylon-6. To convert N /tex to g/den (gpd), multiply by...

Dynamic techniques are used to determine storage and loss moduli, G and G respectively, and the loss tangent, tan 5. Some instmments are sensitive enough for the study of Hquids and can be used to measure the dynamic viscosity T 7 Measurements are made as a function of temperature, time, or frequency, and results can be used to determine transitions and chemical reactions as well as the properties noted above. Dynamic mechanical techniques for sohds can be grouped into three main areas free vibration, resonance-forced vibrations, and nonresonance-forced vibrations. Dynamic techniques have been described in detail (242,251,255,266,269—279). A number of instmments are Hsted in Table 8. Related ASTM standards are Hsted in Table 9. 

Fig. 2. Loss tangent as a measure of gelation time for a siUca sol (27) (a) loss (A) and storage (B) modulus as a function of aging time for H2O/TEOS mol ratio of 20 and HNO /TEOS mol ratio of 0.01 and (b) loss tangent as a function of aging time. To convert mPa to mm Hg, multiply by 7.50 x 10 . ...

Inelastic Loading. The strain lies on the elastic limit surface = 0, and the tangent to the strain history points in a direction outward from the elastic limit surface > 0. The material is said to be undergoing inelastic loading, and k is assumed to be a function of the strain s, the internal state variables k, and the strain rate k... 

The simulated free surface of liquid water is relatively stable for several nanoseconds [68-72] because of the strong hydrogen bonds formed by liquid water. The density decrease near the interface is smooth it is possible to describe it by a hyperbolic tangent function [70]. The width of the interface, measured by the distance between the positions where the density equals 90% and 10% of the bulk density, is about 5 A at room temperature [70,71]. The left side of Fig. 3 shows a typical density profile of the free interface for the TIP4P water model [73]. 

Thus, if Ca and Cb can both be measured as functions of time, a plot of v/ca vs. Cb allows the rate constants to be estimated. (If it is known that B is also consumed in the first-order reaction, mass balance allows cb to be easily expressed in terms of Ca-) The rate v(Ca) is the tangent to the curve Ca = f(t) at concentration Ca-This can be determined graphically, analytically, or with computer processing of the concentration-time data. Mata-Perez and Perez-Benito show an example of this treatment for parallel uncatalyzed and autocatalyzed reactions. 

Figure 15 Storage modulus, (E ), loss tangent (tanS), and loss modulus, (E ), as a function of temperature for P7MB and P8MB at 3 Hz.

The basic trigonometric functions are the sine, cosine, and tangent. 

Geometrically, the derivative of y = f(x) at any value is the slope of a tangent line T intersecting the curve at the point P(x,y). Two conditions applying to differentiation (the process of determining the derivatives of a function) are ... 

Figure 7.8 shows a plot of the iterative map /2(p) for rule R2 as a function of p for four different values of p p = 1 (top curve), p > Pc, P = Pc and p < Pc, where Pc 0.5347. Notice that all four curves have zero first and second derivatives at the origin. This ensures the existence of some critical value Pc such that for all p < Pc, p t + 1) < p t) and thus that limt->oo p t) = 0. In fact, for all 0 < p < Pc the origin is the only stable fixed point. At p = Pc, another stable fixed point ps 0.373 appears via a tangent bifurcation. For values of p greater than Pc, /2 undergoes a... 

In calculation the authors of the model assume that the cube material possesses the complex modulus EX and mechanical loss tangent tg dA which are functions of temperature T. The layer of thickness d is composed of material characterized by a complex modulus Eg = f(T + AT) and tg <5B = f(T + AT). The temperature dependences of Eg and tg SB are similar to those of EX and tg <5A, but are shifted towards higher or lower temperatures by a preset value AT which is equivalent to the change of the glass transition point. By prescibing the structural parameters a and d one simulates the dimensions of the inclusions and the interlayers, and by varying AT one can imitate the relationship between their respective mechanical parameters. 

The instantaneous reaction rate is the slope of a tangent drawn to the graph of concentration as a function of time for most reactions, the rate decreases as the reaction proceeds. 

Quinone diimines are capable of reacting rapidly with radicals formed during intensive mixing. The product, a polymer-bound PPD moiety, provides a polar functionality which is capable of improving polymer-filler interactions. In general the improvements can result in modest reductions in tangent delta (rolling resistance) and modest improvements in abrasion resistance. 

As it has been already shown the adsorption-induced change in the value of percolation electric conductivity of adsorbent and tangent of inclination angle in its pre-relaxation VAC are determined by adsorption-related change in the value of the percolation level and correlation length of the system, i.e. by functions c(0 and f ( c>0. One can readily conclude for 4c t) that when Nt < 4a - 4 co < i-e. at small Nt and... 

Fig. 1.14. The qualitative profile of dependencies of equilibrium values of electric conductivity (curve /) and the tangent of inclination angle of VAC Ps (curves 2, 3) as a function of concentration of chemisorbed acceptors 2 - Inoj) 4co > a/2 3 - Inob co < o/2...

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