Function general effects

Other, more general effects of insulin on cellular function include stimulation of cell growth (increase in DNA and protein synthesis), inhibition of apoptosis, and modulation of ion-channel activity. 

Figure 8.12 illustrates the general effect of creep, plotted as a function of log strain versus log time. Under applied load a sample gradually deforms until a critical time (tc) after which it deforms rapidly. If creep is allowed to go unchecked, the sample may break abruptly. 

General descriptors may be related to the metabolism responses in the biofilm. Biofilm algae have several mechanisms to counterbalance the damage caused by the toxicants. Environmental stress produces oxidative damage in the cells, which can be tracked down by means of the analysis of many enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, etc.) that function as effective quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 

The presence of a residual hydrocarbon phase in soils or sediments has been shown to increase the soil- or sediment-water distribution coefficients of poorly water-soluble organic contaminants [463,464]. Such petroleum-hydrocarbon-based phases have been shown to function as effective partition media for PCB congeners [467]. In general, sorption of contaminants by soils and sediments reduces their bio availability to microorganisms [468,469]. In this fashion, the... 

In the treatment of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, lower doses of cortisol are generally effective, and fluid and electrolyte disturbances do not have to be considered, since patients with deficient corticotrophin secretion generally do not have abnormal function of the zona glomerulosa. Since cortisol replacement therapy is required for life, adequate assessment of patients is critical to avoid the serious long-term consequences of excessive or insufficient treatment. In many cases, the doses of glucocorticoid used in replacement therapy are probably too high. Patients should ideally be administered three or more doses daily. To limit the risk of osteoporosis, replacement therapy should be carefully assessed on an individual basis and overtreatment avoided. 

Early experiments that attempted to increase serotonin function were necessarily restricted to drug treatments that caused a generalized effect throughout the brain and presumably were influencing all serotonin receptors. Using this approach, the systemic administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan, to in-... 

The synthesis of occurrences or events in the Monte Carlo method makes use of random numbers and a cumulative-distribution function. In effect the random numbers are transformed, by means of the distribution function, into a simulated sequence of events. Figure 2 shows the general procedure followed. A random number is selected and transformed... 

---