Fumane

Other methods such as prolonged heating above the melting point or in presence of catalysts have also converted cis into trans forms. Thus in the pair of maleic-fumanic acid, the transform appears to be more stable and the same situation exists in cinnamic acids, stilbenes, 2-butenes and many other compounds. However it cannot be generalized that trans forms are always invariably more stable than the cis forms, because Viche found that in l-bromo-2-fluroethylene or 1,2-dibromoethylene the cis is more stable than the trans. 

Andreas Libavius was bom at Halle in Germany in 1540, where he studied medicine and practised for a short time as a physician. He accepted the fundamental iatro-chemical doctrines, at the same time, however, criticising certain of the more extravagant views expressed by Paracelsus. He was a firm believer in the transmutation of the metals, but his own activities were chiefly directed to the preparation of new and better medicines. He enriched the science of Chemistry by many valuable discoveries, and tin tetrachloride, which he was the first to prepare, is still known by the name of spiritus fumans Libavii. Libavius was a man possessed of keen powers of observation and his work on Chemistry, which contains a fidl account of the knowledge of the science of his time, may be... 

Miller, S. T., Hogle, J. M. and FUman, D. J. (2001). Ab initio phasing of high-symmetry macromolecular complexes successful phasing of authentic pohovirus data to 3.0A resolution. /. Mol. Biol. 307, 499-512. 

The northwest hills are within the classic Valpolicella area. The mountains are defined by natural boundaries the northern limit consisting of the Lessinia Plateau, from which three small valleys start (Negrar, Mar-ano, and Fumane). They flow into a hilly landscape and vanish into Pescantina, where the Adige River delimits the southern limit. To the east, hills line ranges from Parona to Montecchio. This is a well-defined border, almost a protective wall, and a natural boundary that is similar to the opposite one the steep slopes of Mount Pastello to the west. 

J.R. Glauber prepared nitric acid by heating saltpeter with sulfuric acid, a method that was used thereafter until recently replaced by the ammonium oxidation method. Glauber proved that his product was the same as the acids previously obtained by heating saltpeter with substances other than sulfuric acid. He called his acid aqua fortis spiritus acidus nitri , but it later became known as spiritus nitri fumans Glauberi . The French at first called it eau de depart , then I esprit de nitre finally I acide nitrique or I acide ayotie . 

Fuman. [Fulcra SA] Alkylboizene sulfonates scouring agents for textiles. 

Evaporate the combined extracts to dry matter in a 50 ml beaker over a water bath. Oxidize this evaporation residue 1 to 2 times with a few drops of HNO3 fumans and again evaporate to dry matter. 

G Blond, M Medas, R Merle, M Fumanal, D Simatos, W Rulkens. Study of the porous texture resulting from the freeze-drying of certain aqueous and non-aqueous systems. International Institute of Refrigeration Communications 10 59-69, 1969. 

Tin Calx of tin (Libavius) Sel ou Vitriol de Jupiter (Beguin) (Tin(II) nitrate) Calx of tin (Libavius) (Tin(ll) acetate) Spiritus fumans Libavii (Libavius) ( Iln(IV) cblraide)... 

Tin Oleum Jovis, Spiritus fumans Libavii (Tin(IV) chloride) Lrmi Crocus Martis (Iron oxide) Iron Vitriol of inm (lnni(II) sulfate)... 

Butter of antimony (antimony(III) chloride), for example, which was used as a caustic agent to treat ulcers, was produced by Glauber in the middle of the seventeenth century by dissolving antimony oxide in hydrochloric acid and by distilling off the salt, which was an oily fluid. Or, sublimate (mercury(II) chloride) was a volatile substance obtained from the sublimation of mercury together with common salt and vitriol. Spiritus fumans Libavii (tin(IV) chloride), a smoky liquid, was also distilled from a mixture of tin with sublimate. 

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