Fulminates thallium fulminate

Cadmium fulminate Copper fulminate Dimethylthallium fulminate Diphenylthallium fulminate Mercury(ll) mothyinitrolate Mercury(ll) formhydroxamatc Mercury(ll) fulminate Silver fulminate Sodium fulminate Thallium fulminate... 

The metal fulminates are all powerfully explosive. Of several salts examined, those of cadmium, copper and silver were more powerful detonators than mercury fulminate, while thallium fulminate was much more sensitive to heating and impact. Formally related salts are also explosive [1]. Sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium fulminates are all easily detonated by feeble friction or heat. They all form double salts with mercury(II) fulminate which also explode readily, that of the rubidium salt at 45 °C [2],... 

Tetryl, see V,2,4,6-Tetranitro-lV-methylaniline, 2702 Thallium bromate, 0260 Thallium fulminate, 0536... 

Thallium is found in significant amounts. One unit at the Experiment Station developed explosives and fuses. Thallium azide, thallium nitride, and thallium fulminate are shock sensitive explosives and emit poisonous fumes. It would have been an ideal subject of experimentation. Thallium as high as 58.52 ppm was found. The oral LDjg for rats is 16 mg/kg, and the LDjo for children is 8 mg/kg. LDjg is the lethal dose at which 50 percent of the population dies. 

As opposed to alkaline azides which do not have properties of explosives, alkaline fulminates are mostly reported as highly sensitive and explosive substances [8,107, 108] even though one source mentioned sodium fulminate as not so sensitive (impact sensitivity for NaCNO to be 32 cm with 0.5 kg hammer compared to 7.5-10 cm MF under the same conditions) [27]. Sensitivity of these fulminates is reported as extreme and handling a hazardous operation [8, 107, 108]. Extreme sensitivity is further reported for the rubidium and cesium salts. Alkaline fulminates undergo explosion when initiated by flame, even in small amounts, whereas mercury fulminate only deflagrates. The exact sensitivity data are, however, not reported in this work [107]. Sensitivity of cadmium fulminate to impact is about the same as that of MF sensitivity of thallium fulminate is higher [15, 57]. 

The other way of preparation of fulminates is via the sodium salt. For example, thallium fulminate forms as a fine powder by reaction of sodium fulminate with thallium acetate in methanol [25]. 

Some metallic fulminates also form directly by reaction of powdered metal with MF in a water suspension while boiling (e.g., Zn, Al, Cu) [15, 48, 105]. The preparation of thallium fulminate without use of an amalgam starting from MF and thallium is a good example, described by Hawley [109] ... 

Thallium (Thallous) Fulminate, TIONC mw 246.41., n 5.68% coioriess solid becoming yel on exposure to light mp — expl at 120°... 

The other fulminates are of no practical value. They are prepared from mercury fulminate either by reacting the metal amalgam with a suspension of mercury fulminate in water (this is applicable to the majority of metals, including the alkali metals, or simply by the action of the metal itself (e.g. zinc or thallium) which displaces mercury from mercury fulminate (also in water). For example, chips of thallium, zinc, or copper are allowed to stand for some time in a suspension of mercury fulminate in water, the corresponding metal fulminate is gradually formed. 

Rosenberg [63] investigated the properties of sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, barium, cadmium, cupric, copper, manganese, thallium and silver fulminates and compared them with mercury fulminate. Some of this results are shown in Table 24. 

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