Fullerenes electronic properties

The structure-property relations of fullerenes, fullerene-derived solids, and carbon nanotubes are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon-hased materials. The synthesis, structure and electronic properties of fullerene solids are then considered, and modifications to their structure and properties through doping with various charge transfer agents are reviewed. Brief comments are included on potential applications of this unique family of new materials. 

Amelinckx, S., Bernaerts, D., van Tendeloo, G., van Landuyt, J., Lucas, A. A., Mahot, M. and Lambin, Ph. In Physics and Chemistry of Fullerenes and Derivatives (Proceedings of the International Winter School on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials), ed. H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring and S. Roth, World Scientific, Singapore, 1995, pp 515. 

The synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C q and other fullerenes stimulated an intense interest in mesoscopic carbon structures. In this respect, the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1] in the deposit of an arc discharge was a major break through. In the early days, many theoretical efforts have focused on the electronic properties of these novel quasi-one-dimensional structures [2-5]. Like graphite, these mesoscopic systems are essentially sp2 bonded. However, the curvature and the cylindrical symmetry cause important modifications compared with planar graphite. 

Buckminsterfullerene, the most representative example among the fullerenes, have been extensively explored. Their intrinsic properties such as their size, hydrophobicity, three-dimensionality, and electronic properties have made them extremely promising nanostructures, offering interesting features at the interface of various scientific disciplines, ranging from material sciences207 to biological and medicinal chemistry.208-210... 

Shortly after the discovery of the fullerenes in 1985 (Kroto et al., 1985) and especially after their accessibility in macroscopic quantities (Kraetschmer et al., 1990) these new carbon allotropes raised great interest in the chemical world due to their unique structural and electronic properties. As a direct consequence of the curved conjugated n-systcm fullerenes were predicted to be fairly electronegative with the... 

C. Martineau, P. Blanchard, D. Rondeau, J. Delaunay, J. Roncali, Synthesis and electronic properties of adducts of oligothienylenevinylenes and fullerene C60, Advanced Materials, vol. 14, pp. 283-287, 2002. 

Supported nanoparticles (1-1.5 nm) based on Ru4Pt2 entities have been obtained by using a Ru4Pt2(CO)i8 precursor on carbon black and fullerene soot [63]. XANES analysis showed differences between the interaction of nanoparticles with both carbon black and fullerene supports. In particular, a change in the electronic properties of the nanoparticles on fullerene is proposed this change was related to a strong interaction between the nanoparticle and a surface-atom, probably via the formation of a Ru-carbide phase. 

An enantiopure dimer 149 with a l,l -binaphthyl-bridge was prepared via the bis-tosylhydrazone (see Table 4.4, page 130/131) [122], The electronic properties of these dimers, such as the electronic absorphon spectra and cyclic voltammetry, are indistinguishable from those of other methano-bridged fullerenes. CV-data show clearly that the two CgQ-imits of the binaphthyl-dimer are reduced independently [122],... 

The covalent chemistry of fullerenes has developed very rapidly in the past decade in an effort to modify fuUerene properties for a number of applications such as photovoltaic cells, infrared detectors, optical limiting devices, chemical gas sensors, three-dimensional electroactive polymers, and molecular wires [8, 25, 26, 80-82]. Systematic studies of the redox properties of Cgo derivatives have played a crucial role in the characterization of their unique electronic properties, which lie at the center of these potential applications. Furthermore, electrochemical techniques have been used to synthesize and separate new fullerene derivatives and their isomers as well as to prepare fullerene containing thin films and polymers. In this section, to facilitate discussion of their redox properties, Cgo derivatives have been classified in three groups on the basis of the type of attachment of the addend to the fullerene. In group one, the addends are attached via single bonds to the Cgo surface as shown in Fig. 6(a) and are referred to as singly bonded functionalized derivatives. The group includes... 

Fullerene, black and shiny like graphite, is the subject of active current research because of its interesting electronic properties. When allowed to react with rubidium metal, a superconducting material called rubidium fulleride, Rb3C6o, is formed. (We ll discuss superconductors in more detail in Section 21.6.) Carbon nanotubes are being studied for use as fibers in the structural composites used to make golf clubs, bicycle frames, boats, and airplanes. On a mass basis, nanotubes are up to ten times as strong as steel. 

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