Fullerene biological application

Jensen A W, Wilson S R and Schuster D I 1996 Biological applications of fullerenes—a review Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4 767-79... 

Jensen A W, Wilson S R and Schuster D I 1996 Biological applications of fuiierenes—a review Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4 767-79 Martii n N, Sanchez L, lllescas B and Perez I 1998 Cgg-based electroactive organofullerenes Chem. Rev. 98 2527 Prato M 1997 [60]fullerene chemistry for materials science applications J. Mater. Chem. 7 1097-109... 

Synthetic aspects for access to monovalent fullerene-carbohydrate hybrids were highlighted, but only a few biological applications were mentioned. In contrast, multivalent presentation of saccharides by multiple anchorages to the same structure, or their presentation as antennary glycodendrons, has generated promising results. 

Bosi S, Da Ros T, Spalluto G, Prato M (2003) Fullerene derivatives An attractive tool for biological applications. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 38 913-923. 

Sarova GH, Da Ros T, Guldi DM (2006) Fullerene-based devices for biological applications. In Kumar C (ed.) Nanodevices for the Life Science, Vol. 4. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp. 352-389. 

Tagmatarchis N, Shinohara FI (2001) Fullerene in medicinal chemistry and their biological applications. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 1 339-348. 

Rio Y, Nierengarten J-F (2002) Water soluble supramolecular cyclotriveratrylene-[60]fullerene complexes with potential for biological applications. Tetrahedron Lett. 43 4321 4324. 

Jensen AW, Wilson SR, Schuster DI (1996) Biological applications of fullerenes. Bioorg Med Chem 4 767-779. 

Ros TD, Spalluto G, Prato M. Biological applications of fullerene derivatives a brief overview. Croat Chem Acta 2001 74(4) 743-755. 

Fullerenes are widely investigated with the respect to their interesting physical properties for the one hand and their biological activity for the other hand. It is clear that for medical and biological applications the fullerenes must be solved in water in any way. It is well known that fullerenes are not soluble in water per se [1], That is why most attention is presently paid to investigation of water-soluble C6o derivatives, which, in turn, can be able to form colloidal solutions. Mono-functional fullerene Ceo derivatives have the... 

A technology, which has allowed producing of fullerene molecular-colloidal water solutions (FWS), has made new step for the biological applications of fullerenes. Such technology is now available [4], and CeoFWS produced by means of it is highly stable (8-24 months and longer) and finely dispersed without any stabilizers. The fact that this colloid consists of individual molecules of Ceo and the water only has been proved earlier by means of different experimental methods. 

Fullerene amino acid derivatives have merited special attention in relation with the biological application [275-280], The photochemical reactions of Ceo with amino acid esters have been utilized to obtain fullerene amino acid derivatives [281,282]. For example, the photochemical addition of iminodiacetic methyl ester to Ceo provides a pyrrolidine ring-fused fullerene carboxylate, C6o(MeOOCCHNHCHCOOMe) [281]. Although the mechanistic detail has yet to be elucidated, a possible sequence... 

Chapters 7, 8, and 9 discuss topological methods applied to the area of fullerenes and congeneric structures, some of which have not yet been obtained experimentally, but which are predicted to be as stable as fullerenes. It is the opinion of all authors contrihuting to this hook that fullerene research is not a fleeting fashion, but is to stay and become even more developed when the full implications for the science of materials and for biological applications will he understood. 

The prototype of all fullerenes is Buckminsterfullerene ,. Since it is the most abundant fiillerene obtained from macroscopic preparation procedures such as the classical Kratschmer-Huffman method, its chemical and physical properties were developed in very quick sucession soon after it became available in 1990. The icosahedral football shaped Buckminsterfrdlerene 60 is now the most intensively studied molecule of all. Many principles of the chemistry of C , are known. These allowone to tailor design new fuUerene derivates with specific properties useful for biological applications or as new materials. The main types of fullerene derivative are exohedral addition products, endohedral fullerenes, heterofullerenes and cluster opened systems. Whereas many examples of the first two groups are already known, sophisticated methods for the synthesis of the latter two groups have started to emerge only recently. 

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