Fuel injection

If one imagine.s that the fuel is used in the liquid state in the form of droplets —as in the case of fuel injection— the specific energy of the motor fuel (SE) is expressed in kilojoules per kilogram of air utilized, under predetermined conditions of equivalence ratio (stoichiometry for example). The SE is none other than the NHY /r quotient where r represents the previously defined stoichiometric ratio. 

It is noteworthy, however, that traces of sulfur can have beneficial effects on the anti-wear resistance of fuel injection pumps. It is thus undesirable to reduce the sulfur content to extremely low values unless additives having lubricating qualities are added. Independently from total sulfur content, the presence of mercaptans that are particularly aggressive towards certain metal or synthetic parts is strictly controlled. The mercaptan content is thereby limited to 0.002% (20 ppm) maximum. The analysis is performed chemically in accordance to the NF M 07-022 or ASTM D 3227 procedures. 

Vehicle Emissions. Gasohol has some automotive exhaust emissions benefits because adding oxygen to a fuel leans out the fuel mixture, producing less carbon monoxide [630-08-2] (CO). This is tme both for carbureted vehicles and for those having electronic fuel injection. 

The engine was the first to incorporate compression ignition of alcohols (7). Low cetane fuels can autoignite, however, provided the in-cylinder temperature is high enough and fuel injection correcdy timed. This compression ignition works for methanol as well as ethanol and gasoline. 

R. A. Potter, "Neat Methanol Fuel Injection Fleet Alternative Fuels Study," paper presented at Eourth Washington Conference on Alcohol, Washiagton, D.C.,Nov. 1984. 

Example 4. A particular microprocessor (MPU) is assigned for a fuel-injection system. The failure rate must be estimated, and 100 MPUs are tested. The test is terrninated when the fifth failure occurs. Failed items are not replaced. This type of testing, where n is the number placed on test and ris the number of failures specified, is termed a Type II censored life test. 

Since these MPUs are used to control fuel-injection systems, it might be interesting to know the 24,000-km rehabiUty (the warranty period). Assuming an average speed of 80 km/h, 300 h of use are obtained. The rehabiUty would be estimated as... 

The performance of the catalytic converter is affected by the conditions of air/fuel control provided by the fuel metering system. A slowly responding fuel metering system can dramatically decrease the conversion efficiency of the converter compared to a fast response multipoint fuel injection system. 

I. GoriUe, N. Rittmansberger, and P. Werner, Bosch Electronic Fuel Injection with ClosedEoop Control, SAE 750368, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1975. 

C. O. Probst, Bosch Fuel Injection Engine Management, Robert Bentiey, Cambridge, Mass., 1989. 

Main fuel injector. This unit is designed to deliver a fuel-air mixture to the catalyst that is uniform in composition, temperature, and velocity. A multi-venturi tube (MVT) fuel injection system was developed by GE specifically for this purpose. It consists of 93 individual venturi tubes arrayed across the flow path, with four fuel injection orifices at the throat of each venturi. 

The calculation of the turbine firing temperature (Ttit) is based firstly on the fuel injected into the turbine and the fuel s lower heating value (LHV). The lower heating value of the gas is one in which the Fl20 in the products has not condensed. The lower heating value is equal to the higher heating value minus the latent heat of the condensed water vapor. 

I he direct-flame incinerator is the simplest type of thermal oxidation system. It comprises a combustion chamber and supplementarv fuel-injection system with no energy-recovery equipment. Direct-flame incineration is suitable only for gases that support combustion without requirements for auxiliary fuel (concentrated streams) or for intermittent use. 

Simple fuel injection valves are operated from single camshaft. 

This is another method of supplying an engine with the correct quantity of fuel. Three types of fuel injection are used ... 

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