Fuel-cell energy systems

FEBUSS - Fuel Cell Energy Systems Standardized for Large Transport, Buses and Stationary Applications. 

P.A. Lehman and C.E. Chamberlin, Design of a photovoltaic-hydrogen-fuel cell energy system, in ... 

S. Galli, G. De Paoli, and A. Ciancia, An experimental solar PV-hydrogen-fuel cell energy system ... 

Develop reliable tools for design and optimization of fuel cells, fuel cell stacks, and fuel cell energy systems (long-term). 

Fuel cell energy system, (a) Fuel cell energy system with hydrogen as fueL (b) Fuel cell energy system with fuel reforming. 

Currently, the higher cost for this energy system (as compared to conventional energy systems) is primarily due to the energy source (fuel cell) and the power system. Recent U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) studies have predicted that for fuel-cell energy systems to be economically viable, the cost of the power systems have to be < 400/kW while the cost of the power electronics needs to be < 40/kW. The issues of durability and life of the fuel cells are of key importance. 

Overview of Power-Conditioning Topologies for Stationary Fuel Cell Energy Systems... 

S. Chalk, FY 2000 Progress Report for Fuel Cell Power Systems, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Transportation Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy, Oct. 2000, p. 163. 

Lobachyov, K.V. and Richter, H.J. (1998). An Advanced Integrated Biomass Gasification and Molten Fuel Cell Power System, Energy Corners. Manage. 39. pp. 1931-1943. 

A demonstration of a MCFC power plant at an automobile manufacturing plant site in Tuscaloosa, Alabama is planned for the first quarter of 2001. The 250 kilowatt system will feed the production facility power distribution grid. Four companies are teaming up to support the program Southern Company, Alabama Municipal Electric Authority (AMEA), Fuel Cell Energy, and Mercedes Benz U.S. International, Inc. (MBUSI). The system will employ FCE s stack and MTU s power plant design, called the Hot Module. ... 

Although fuel cells are not heat engines, heat is still produced and must be removed in a fuel cell power system. Depending upon the size of the system, the temperature of the available heat, and the requirements of the particular site, this thermal energy can be either rejected, used to produce steam or hot water, or converted to electricity via a gas turbine or steam bottoming cycle or some combination thereof... 

Fuel Cell Energy expects to have its initial market entry MCFC power systems available in the year 2001, with mature megawatt class units projected to be available in 2004. These units will be produced in various sizes. Preliminary cycle information was received from FCE for a nominal 3 MW power plant. This cycle is presented in Figure 9-9 and is described below. 

The combination of the fuel cell and turbine operates by using the rejected thermal energy and residual fuel from a fuel cell to drive the gas turbine. The fuel cell exhaust gases are mixed and burned, raising the turbine inlet temperature while replacing the conventional combustor of the gas turbine. Use of a recuperator, a metallic gas-to-gas heat exchanger, transfers heat from the gas turbine exhaust to the fuel and air used in the fuel cell. Figure 9-23 illustrates an example of a proposed fuel cell/turbine system. 

S. Lasher, J. Sinha, and Y. Yang. Cost analyses of fuel cell stack/systems. Annual progress report, DoE Hydrogen Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. (2007) 695-699. 

Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment www.Novem.nl Energy research Centre of the Netherlands www.ECN.nl Nedstack Fuel Cells and Systems www.nedstack.com Commercial gasses www.hoekloos.nl Dutch Biohydrogen Platform www.biohydrogen.nl Senter www.senter.nl... 

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