Fruits polyphenolics

Lau F, Shukitt-Hale V and Joseph J. 2005. The beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols on brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 265 S1284S132. 

Orenes-Pinero E, Garcia-Carmona F and Sanchez-Ferrer A. 2005. A kinetic study of p-cresol oxidation by quince fruit polyphenol oxidase. J Agric Food Chem 53(4) 1196-1200. 

Joseph JA, Shukitt-Hale B, Lau EC (2007) Fruit polyphenols and their effects on neuronal signaling and behavior in senescence. Ann NY Acad Sci 1100 470-485 Guentchev M, Voigtiander T, Haberler C, Groschup MH, Budka H (2000) Evidence for oxidative stress in experimental prion disease. Neurobiol Dis 7 270-273 Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Agdul H, Shido O (2005) Docosahexaenoic add-induced amelioration on impairment of memory learning in amyloid beta-infused rats relates to the decreases of... 

Chevaher, T. et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of apricot fruit polyphenol oxidase. Plant Physiol, 119,1261, 1999. 

FIGURE 1 Chemoprevention mechanisms of fruit polyphenolics during cancer development. 

Gonz ez-Gallego, J., Garcia-MediaviUa, M.V., Sanchez-Campos, S., and Tundn, M.J. 2010. Fruit polyphenols, immunity and inflammation. Br. J. Nutr. 104 15-27. 

Joseph, J.A., Shukitt-Hale, B. Lau, EC. (2007c). Fruit polyphenols and their effects on neuronal signaling and behavior in senescence. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1100, 470-485. 

Podsedek, A., WUskajeszka, J. and Anders, B. (1998) Characterization ofproanthocyanidins of apple, quince and strawberry fruits. Polyphenol Commun., 319-320. 

Sample pre-treatment. Novel procedures of electrochemical sample treatment have been proposed to decrease the signal interference with native cholinesterase inhibitors present in fruits and vegetables. Polyphenolic compounds were removed by electrolysis with soluble A1 anode followed by the oxidation of thionic pesticides with electrogenerated chlorine. The procedure proposed makes it possible to decrease the background current and the matrix effect by 80-90%. Thus, the detection limits of about 5 ppb of Pai athion-Methyl and Chloropyrifos-Methyl were obtained in spiked grape juice without any additional sepai ation or pre-concentration stages. 

Paganga, G. et al.. The polyphenolic content of fruit and vegetables and their antioxidant activities what does a serving constitute Free Radical Res., 30, 153, 1999. Maatta, K.R. et al.. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds in berries with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (MS) detection Rihes species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6736, 2003. 

Hanamura, T., Hagiwara, T., and Kawagishi, H., Structural and functional characterization of polyphenols isolated from acerola Malpighia emarginata DC) fruit, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69, 280, 2005. 

Thousands of polyphenols from fruits (grapes, apples, etc.), vegetables (horse beans), and teas have been identified, many having good coloring properties, especially anthocyanins and some flavonoids. Well-documented reviews discuss the coloring capacities of some polyphenols including procyanidins. - Detailed presentations of anthocyanin and flavonoid properties and analysis are included in Sections 2.3, 4.3, and 6.3. The soluble proanthocyanidins of the colored horse bean Viciafaba L. seed coats were isolated and separated by solvent partition. 

These results clearly indicate that fruit growers should not lower fertility inputs below the level required for satisfactory tree performance and intrinsic fruit quality, and also content of polyphenols. Thus, balanced nutrition without over or under supply of nutrients should be targeted in organic fruit production. 

Fig. 16.4 Multiple linear model containing phosphorus, calcium and iron contents of the leaves correlated significantly with the polyphenol contents of fruit. Organic (filled symbols) and conventional fruits (open symbols) did not differ significantly in their average polyphenol contents however, trees with a low leaf nutrient status showed a lower polyphenol contents in fruit (R2 = 0.64). Circles = cultivar Glockenapfel , squares = cultivar Idared area between the curves = space where 95% of the modelled values can be expected.

Table 16.1 Mean content (mg/g DM) of polyphenols in organically produced Golden Delicious apples in three successive years (analyses were carried out at the beginning of the storage period in December). The percentage differences compared to conventional fruit from the same production unit, the level of significance between conventional and organic fruit ( = P > 0.01 = p > 0.05) or trends (exactp-value listed if 0.05 < p < 0.13) are indicated...

Phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables are very diverse, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds (Liu 2004 Percival and others 2006 Syngletary and others 2005 Yahia and others 2001a, 2001b). Plant polyphenols are ubiquitous in the diet, with rich sources being tea, wine, fruits, and vegetables they demonstrate considerable antioxidative activity in vitro, which can have important implications for health (Duthie and others 2000). 

Lea AGH. 1992. Flavor, color and stability in fruit products the effect of polyphenols. In Hemingway RW and Leaks PE, editors. Plant Polyphenols. New York Plenum Press, pp. 827-847. 

AmMa J, Yang H, Basile MJ and Kennelly EJ. 2004. Analysis of polyphenolic antioxidants from the fruits of three Pouteria species by selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Agric... 

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