From Hordeum vulgare

Losey, F.G. and Engel, N., Isolation and characterization of a urobilinogenoidic chlorophyll catabolite from Hordeum vulgare L., J. Biol. Chem., 276, 8643, 2001. 

Faull, K. R., B. G. Coombe, and L. G. Paleg. Extraction and characterization of gibberellins from Hordeum vulgare seedlings. Aust J Plant Physiol 1974 1 183. 

Rhode, W., Becker, D., and Salamini, F. 1988. Structural analysis of the waxy locus from Hordeum vulgare. Nucl. Acids Res. 16, 7185-7186. 

Erb, N., Zinsmeister, H.D., Lehmann, G. and Nahrstedt, A. (1979) Epiheteroden-drin a new cyanogenic glucoside from Hordeum vulgare. Phytochemistry, 18,1515-7. 

Colombo ML, Corsini A, Mossa A, Sala L, Stanca M. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, fluorimetric and electochemical high performance liquid chromatographic detection of vitamin E from Hordeum vulgare L. Phytochem Anal 1998 9 192-195. 

Losey FG, Engel N (2001) Isolation and Characterization of a Urobilinogenoidic Chlorophyll Catabolite from Hordeum vulgare. J Biol Chem 276 8643... 

Definition Dark syrup obtained by evaporating an aq. extract of partially germinated and dried barley seeds derived from Hordeum vulgare] contains dextrin, maltose, a little glucose, and an amylolytic enzyme... 

Wax ester biosynthesis probably involves an acyl transfer mechanism. The high thioesterase activity found in crude plant extracts makes it difficult to demonstrate acyl-CoA involvement in wax ester synthesis. However, partial purification of an acetone powder extract from the leaves of B. oleracea gave a protein fraction that catalyzed an acyl-CoA-dependent esterification of fatty alcohols (222). Additionally the acetone powder extract from B. oleracea leaves appeared to catalyze the direct transfer of acyl moieties from phospholipids to fatty alcohols. The leaf extract also catalyzed under appropriate conditions the esterification of fatty alcohols to free fatty acids. The transacylase mechanism is likely to be the main mechanism of wax ester synthesis in vivo. The fact that labeled wax esters were synthesized by a membrane-bound microsomal fraction from Hordeum vulgare leaves following incubation with radioactive alcohols, but not after incubation with free fatty acids (17), is consistent with the proposed acyl transfer mechanism. In E. gracilis the acyl-CoA reductase is functionally coupled to the acyl transferase (227). Both of these activities were solubilized from the microsomes... 

Similar results were obtained by Kristiansen (71) and Grisebach and co-workers (61) on crude enzyme preparations from Hordeum vulgare and Matthiola in-cana, respectively. Kristiansen (71) further showed that the enzymic product was a minor species in the sodium borohydride reduction of taxifolin, the 4R and 4S products being formed in a ratio of approximately 95 5. This enabled the properties of the enzymically and chemically produced 4S isomers to be directly compared. Stafford and Lester (132) have also shown that (2i ,3i )-dihydromyricetin may be converted to 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, 7-heptahydroxy-flavan by the Pseudotsuga menziesii enzyme complex, thereby establishing the sequence for prodelphinidins as well. 

II coimterparts, type I RIPs exhibit low toxicity because they are not able to bind and cross the cell membrane efficiently. Type I RIPs, however, are cytotoxic to certain cells such as macrophages. The cells can absorb type I RIPs by pinocytosis and subsequently succumb to RIP activity. Recently, a type III RIP has been isolated from Hordeum vulgare, the common barley plant. The RIP consists of an amino-terminal domain resembling type I RIP and is linked to an imrelated carboxyl-terminal domain with unknown fimction (Bolognesi et al., 2002). The type... 

---