From Chamaecyparis nootkatensi

Isol. from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis and Pinus sibirica. [a]j, -1-75°. 1.4879. 

Of the isomeric group of tetracyclic diterpenoids originating from the isopi-marenyl cation (Fig. 8.1.24), only two types have been encountered so far. Isohi-baene (451) from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (93) has already been mentioned. The other type is represented by phyllocladene, known since 1910 (350), but correctly characterized only in 1959. (H-)-Phyllocladanol (462) from the wood of Cryptomeria japonica is an appropriate example for the present discussion (64). Only a few compounds in each class are known at present, and all of these belong to the normal series. 

G. Dietrich et al. Repellent activity of liactioned compounds from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis essential oil against nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari Ixodidae). J Med Entomol, 43, 957, 2006. 

The generally poorer mechanical properties exhibited by acetylated lignocellulosic material in composites bonded using aqueous resin systems was considered by Korai etal. (2001). Fibres of yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) were acetylated to a WPG of 24.8 % and then ozonated to different extents to increase the hydrophilicity of the fibre surface. Boards were fabricated from the fibres using an aqueous MF resin. Ozonation improved IBS of boards fabricated from acetylated fibres, proportional to level of ozone charge, and resulted in IBS values comparable to those of nonacetylated controls at higher levels of ozonation. However, although ozonation also improved MOR, the values obtained for acetylated fibres were always less than those obtained with unmodified fibres. 

X0-14-norlabdanes derived from the ozonolysis of methyl communate have been clarified. Copaifera multijuga contains copaiferolic acid and a new labdane acid, ll-hydroxylabda-8(17),13-dien-15-oic acid. The leaf oil of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis contains two new manoyl oxides. They have been assigned the... 

Figure 6, Light microscopy photomicrograph of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis from the 2500-year-old wet terrestrial Lachane site Prince Ruperty B.C., Canada. The histological transverse preparation shows the deterioration of the S2 and S3 cell wall layers of a few isolated tracheids. The fracturing of these cell wall layers in the normal tracheids is an artifact of the histological...

Carene (3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) is a component of the oil of turpentine from the tropieal pine Firms longifolia, also occurring in some species of fir Abies), juniper Juniperus) and Citrus. The ethereal oil from wood pine trees Firms silvestris contains the enantiomer (-)-3-carene. Carboxylic acids derived from carane and carene sueh as (+)-chaminic acid are found in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaeeae). 

P-bisabolene. The latter also oeeurs in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaceae) and in the Sibirian pine tree Piims sibirica (Pinaceae). (+)-a- and (+)-p-bisabolol are fragrant sesquiterpenes found in the essential oils of various plants they also contribute to the odors of camomile and of bergamot oil from unripe fruits of Citrus aurantium var. bergamia (Rutaceae) growing in southern Italy. 

Connecting the bonds C-l-C-6 and C-6-C-10 in famesane formally produces the spiro[4,5]decane basic skeleton of acorane. The name of this class of sesquiterpenes stems from the Acorus species. (-)-4-Acoren-3-one, for example, has been isolated from Acorus calamus (Calamus, Araceae) and from the carrot Daucus carota (Umbelliferae). The oil of calamus (oil of sweet flag) from the rhizome of Acorus calamus with its warm and spicy odor and pleasant bitter taste is predominantly used in perfumery and as a minor (possibly carcinogenic) ingredient of vermouth, some flavored wines and liqueurs. (+)-3,7(ll)-Acoradiene is a constituent of juniper Juniperus rigida its enantiomer occurs in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaceae). 

Wood Species. The following types of conunercial lumber were obtained from Riverside Lumber Company in New Orleans, LA spruce, Picea sp, yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton, northern red oak, Quercus rubra L. redwood. Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) mid Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don). 

A few Cl5 tropolones, which may be considered as sesquiterpenoids (Sect. 8.1.3.3) are also known - for example, nootkatin (118) and chanootin (119) from heartwood of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska-cedar) (140). 

Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) and later from grapefruit Citrus paradisi) juice. It is responsible for the typical grapefruit flavor, and is commercially produced synthetically. Other examples of nootkatane type from woody parts of plants are (+)-valerianol (245) from roots of Valeriana officinalis, and a-vetivone (246), an important component of vetiver oil (314). Of several eremophilanolides (146), mention may be made of furanoeremophilanolide 247 from roots of Ligularia hodgsoni. Over 50 new furanoeremophilanes have been isolated from roots of various Euryops spp. (52). 

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