Free-standing structures

Some of the earliest applications of CVD were monolithic (or free-standing) structures. A tungsten tube made by CVD was reported as early as 1932.1 1 The applications of CVD in this area are now well established and many are in substantial commercial production. 

Dielectric/insulating films Free-standing structural... 

Low Density and Installed Thickness-Low density of 12 Ib/ft and a thin installed thickness relative to acid-resistant brickwork, adds only 3 Ib/ft to the support structure. This feature increases design flexibility, reduces steel shell and structural support costs and permits the construction of tall, free-standing structures. 

Unlike modern single crystal suites, most Rietveld programs do not have the ability to graphically track the progress of the refinement by displaying a realtime plot of the structure. Exceptions to this include developments within the Fullprof Suite, MAUD and BRASS. Thus use of a free-standing structure... 

Diamond films are a mono- or polycrystalline layer of diamond with a thickness (usually) in the range of micrometers and a comparatively wide dilation regarding the other two directions in space. Thus a-generally coherent-film is obtained. It can either be deposited on a substrate or can exist as a homoepitaxially grown layer or a free-standing structure. 

Yashchenok, A.M., Bratashov, D.N., Gorin, D.A., Lomova, M.V., Pavlov, A.M., Sapelkin, A.V., Shim, B.S. et al. Carhon nanotubes on polymeric microcapsules free-standing structures and point-wise laser openings. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20 (18), 3136-3142. 

He R, Kim CJC (2004) Post-deposition porous etching of polysilicon fabrication and characterization of free standing structures. In ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, Anaheim... 

Fig. 2.45 The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility for EuS(167 ML) -PbS(270 ML) double layer (a) and EuS(18 ML) - PbS(59 ML) multilayer structure (b). Full line corresponds to above multilayers on KCl(lOO) substrate, dashed line - to free standing structures [70]...

Although, as mentioned above, pyrolytic graphite is used by itself as free-standing structures such as crucibles or rocket nozzles (see Sec. 4.0), its major use is in the form of coatings on substrates such as molded graphite, carbon foam, carbon fibers, metals, and ceramics. 

Electroforming (electroplating) The generation of a free-standing structure by electro-deposition on a shaped mandrel, followed by the removal of the mandrel. See also Vapor forming. 

Mandrel (electroplating, CVD, PVD technology) A form (substrate) on which is deposited a coating that is subsequently removed, leaving a free-standing structure. See also Vapor forming. 

Vapor forming (PVD, CVD) The fabrication of a free-standing structure by depositing material from a vapor (CVD or PVD) onto a mandrel, then removing the mandrel. See also Electroforming. 

As already described above it is possible to generate free-standing structures using a structured chromium layer on fused silica glass mask blank. This continuous blank as substrate for the chromium structures guarantees the holding together. However, this is not possible if a low cost mask, such as a structured metal foil or a machined brass sheet, is used. 

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