Free-energy diagrams

The different phase behaviors are evidenced in the corresponding free energy diagrams, which have been estimated for both polymers [15]. These diagrams are shown in Fig. 10 (due to the different approximations used in the calculation of the free energy differences, these diagrams are only semiquantitative [15]). It can be seen that the monotropic transition of the crystal in... 

Figure 10 Free-energy diagrams [15] corresponding to PDTMB (upper) and P7MB (lower).

Similar free-energy diagrams, which can be interpreted in exactly the same way, have been constructed for sulphides , carbides and nitrides (Figs. 7.56 to 7.58). 

Fig. 7.84 Free energy diagram for a binary system consisting of metal M and gaseous oxygen O2 at a temperature of 1 000 K...

In accordance with the free energy diagram, silica is readily attacked by molten aluminium, lithium, magnesium and calcium. 

The meaning of kcat/KM can best be understood by considering the free-energy diagram of Fig. 5.2. As seen from the figure, the activation barrier for the reaction, Ag, is given by... 

FIGURE 5.2. A schematic free-energy diagram for a typical enzymatic reaction. 

Exchange integrals, 16,27 Exchange reactions, free energy diagram for, 89... 

Table 26.2 Classification and free energy diagrams of the four different scenarios in which products andB are obtained from the intermediates a and b.

Figure 2.1 Free energy diagram for the reaction pathway of a chemical reaction, and the same reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. Note the significant reduction in activation energy (the vertical distance between the reactant state and the transition state) achieved by the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Transition State Theory Free-Energy Diagrams... 

A free-energy diagram a plotting of the free energy of the reacting particles against the reaction coordinate. 

Figure 6.1 A free-energy diagram for a hypothetical SN2 reaction that takes place with a negative AG°.

A free-energy diagram for the reaction of methyl chloride with hydroxide ion ... 

Figure 6.7 A free-energy diagram for the SnI reaction of tert-butyl chloride with water. The free energy of activation for the first step, AC (l), is much larger than AG (2) or AG (3). TS(1) represents transition state (1),...

Figure 7.7 Free-energy diagrams for the formation of carbocations from protonated tertiary, secondary, and primary alcohols. The relative free energies of activation are tertiary < secondary primary.

Figure 7.8 Free-energy diagram for the hydrogenation of an alkene in the presenceof a catalyst and the hypothetical reaction in the absence of a catalyst. The free energy of activation [AG (i)] is very much larger than the largest free energy of activation for the catalyzed reaction [AG (2,].

Figure 8.2 Free-energy diagrams for the addition of HBr to propene. kG 2°) is less than ACJ(1°).

Fig. 22 The free energy diagram for proline racemase, showing the effect on the free energy of the enzyme of increasing substrate concentration c. When c < cD, the system is unsaturated. When cD < c < cP, the system is saturated and when c > cP, the system is oversaturated, with transition states 7 and 8 rate-limiting.

Figure 9 (Top) schematic of bistability in 1,3,2-dithiazolyl radicals arising from a solid-solid phase transition between regular and Peierls distorted n-stacks (bottom) free energy diagram of the two structural phases present...

Fig. 2 Free energy diagram for electron transfer. Solid curve represents free energy of the equilibrium state, E = Eoq. Dashed curve represents free energy of for E = Eoq + r. ... 

Figure 7. Change in activation energy of adsorption/desorptlon due to EDL. The solid and dashed lines in the free energy diagram represent the free energy path in the presence and absence of the EDL activation potential.

Figure 7.8 Gibbs-free-energy diagram showing a wider range of products accessible from the excited-state R than from the ground state...

Figure 1. Free-energy diagram for the acetolysis of exo- and endo-norbomyl tosylate (Brown, 1972).

The reader should note such a diagram is neither a free-energy diagram nor a potential-energy surface. 

Figure 1. Free energy diagram of a three-step process, showing each term in the expression for the composite rate constant /ci,2,s in the forward direction. Reproduced with permission of the authors and the American Chemical Society.

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