Fourier transform infrared polyethylene

Figure 11.4 Fourier transform infrared spectra of the waxes derived from the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene...

Long-term oxidative degradation of an ion-beam irradiated polymer was studied. Silicon oxide thin layers were deposited on the surfaces of high density polyethylene (HDPE) to suppress the oxygen permeation. HDPE samples irradiated with a C6+ ion-beam were stored up to 12 months after the irradiation and the evolution of the chemical structure was followed by micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FT-IR) spectroscopy. Silicon oxide layers were found effective to suppress the long-term oxidative degradation of the ion-irradiated polymer. 

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Transitions in Polyethylene... 

Air drying was used only for the sample treated with primer alone and was omitted for the three samples containing primer and acrylonitrile since acrylonitrile has a higher vapor pressure then methanol.(14) As a result, the electron treatment was performed on wet samples. The fifth LDPE sample was used as a virgin polyethylene control. After Irradiation, all samples were washed with luke warm water to remove any residual monomer. Because of the highly toxic nature of acrylonitrile, these coating procedures were conducted under carefully controlled conditions. All five samples (l.e. primed, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1 and control) were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 

ECD = electron capture detector EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FEWS = fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy FID = flame ionization detection FT-IR = Fourier transform infrared GC = gas chromatography HECD = Hall electrolytic conductivity detector HRGC = high resolution gas chromatography HSD = halide-sensitive detector H2SO4 = sulfuric acid LDPE = low-density polyethylene MS = mass spectrometry NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NR = not reported PI = photoionization UV = ultraviolet detection... 

S versus AN (Gutmann s acx eptor number) of the solute, for the host polymers PMMA and ArMCU. The plots are S shaped, showing an increasing uptake of solute with AN, which denotes the basic character of both polymers. This is in agreement with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies of the Lewis basicity of PMMA [13] and ArMCU [170]. In contrast, XPS did not detect any retained chloroform at the polyethylene surface following exposure to the vapors because the polymer-solute interactions reduce to London dispersive forces only. 

This chapter treats principally the vibrational spectra determined by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The means used to assign infrared absorption bands are outlined. Also, the rationale for the selection of permitted absorption bands is described. The basis for the powerful technique of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) is presented in Appendix 6A. Polyethylene is used to illustrate both band assignment and the application of selection rules because its simple chain structure and its commercial importance have made polyethylene the most thoroughly studied polymer. The techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance, neutron inelastic scattering and ultraviolet spectroscopy are briefly described. The areas of dielectric loss and dynamic mechanical loss are not presented in this chapter, but material on these techniques can be found in Chapters 5. 

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, terpene-phenol resins, polyethylene oxide, PMMA and some of their blends were solution cast on basic (aluminium oxide) and acidic (hydroxylated glass) substrates. Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) was used to determine both the nature and the free energy of interfacial adduct formation in the polymer/metal systems. A correlation between IRRAS and adhesive strength may be used to predict both the acid-base work of adhesion and the density of interfacial interacting sites. 14 refs. 

Goldman M., M. Lee, R. Gronsky, and L. Pruitt. 1997. Oxidation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry. / Biomed Mater Res 37 43-50. 

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) provided a convenient tool by which reaction success was qualitatively evaluated. The spectrum of unfunctionalized PVBC on the polyethylene support is included in Figure 6a. Because of the intense absorbances of the PA, MPE, and IPE species, FTIR proved to be a convenient tool to investigate the progression of the syntheses. Note the changes in the spectra as the membranes were functionalized especially in the range of 900-1250 wavenumber for the MPE and IPE functional groups The PA functionalized membranes have several other very broad characteristic absorbances Figures 6b, 6c, and 6d contain the FTIR spectra of the membranes functionalized with the phosphorous species. Note that the intense absorbances around 3000 wavenumber are derived from the polyethylene support. 

Polyethylene glycols (PEG) are used as antistatic agents in polyethylene (PE) resins. PEG is a difficult additive to analyse. It cannot be extracted either quantitatively or reproducibly. A simple, rapid and reliable method is required for PEG in PE. Kumar [10] has described a direct Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometric approach for successfully determining low concentrations (<0.05% m/m) of Garbowax (PEG 400) in high-density polyethylene (HDPE). 

DMA = dynamic mechanical analysis, DMTA = dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, DSC = differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR = Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, GPC - gel permeation chromatography, LLDPE = linear low-density polyethylene, PMMA = polymethyl methacrylate, TGA = thermo-... 

In the Master s dissertation entitled Effect of natural and accelerated ageing on the properties of PET/PC (80/20) blend , recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) was blended with PC (80/20 wt/wt), and then submitted to natural ageing in the city of Rio de Janeiro [17]. For comparison purposes, we also monitored the accelerated ageing of the blend in an appropriate chamber under the same conditions, 2,000 h of exposure were performed. The Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the tendency of the PET and PC carbonyl indices to decrease upon an increase in... 

Prasad, A. (1998) A quantitative analysis of low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene blends by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods. J. Polym. Eng. Sci., 38, 1716-1728. 

Ethylene-styrene copolymer Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Ethylene-vinylchloride copolymer Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Gas chromatography High-density polyethylene Hydroperoxide decomposition Isobutylene... 

Figure 16.29 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) traces for two thicknesses of polyethylene film (0.001 inch and 0.010 inch) with traditional thermoforming wavelength range of about 3 microns to about 8 microns.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been applied to polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene and polyethylene glycol. Surface enhanced infrared reflection microscopy was applied to polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene and styrene resins whilst Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to polyimides. Finally, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been applied to the examination of the surfaces of films of polyethylene, Suryln and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. ... 

Goldman M, Lee M, Gronsky R, Pruitt L.Oxidation of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene characterized by Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrometry. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997 37(l) 43-50. 

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