Fourier transform infrared microscopy structural characterization

In the present study, we synthesized in zeolite cavities Co-Mo binary sulfide clusters by using Co and Mo carbonyls and characterized the clusters by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The mechanism of catalytic synergy generation in HDS is discussed. 

The main techniques employed for the characterization of clusters include UV/vis optical absorption, luminescence, mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to determine the structures of a few clusters [17-19]. 

During the next lew years many techniV ues-oricnlcd scientists will he attracted to wink on LB Hints because they provide interesting novel structures whose molecular architecture can be systematically controlled, The quality of (he floating monolayer ts also important and needs to he characterized as does the interlace between the first deposited monolayer and ihe substrate. Fluorescence microscopy and Brillouin and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies are currently being used to address these problems. 

In the author s opinion, the better approach to experimentally study the morphology of the silica surface is with the help of physical adsorption (see Chapter 6). Then, with the obtained, adsorption data, some well-defined parameters can be calculated, such as surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution. This line of attack (see Chapter 4) should be complemented with a study of the morphology of these materials by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), or atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the characterization of their molecular and supramolecular structure by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, thermal methods, and possibly with other methodologies. 

A combination of techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) [56, 58], thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [57], differential thermal analysis (DTA) [57], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [56, 58], scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [26, 57], Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [57, 58] and BET N2 adsorption measurements [67], was used for structural characterization of the enzyme-clay conjugates. 

Analytical investigations may be undertaken to identify the presence of an ABS polymer, characterize the polymer, or identify nonpolymeric ingredients. Fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy is the method of choice to identify the presence of an ABS polymer and determine the acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene ratio of the composite polymer (89,90). Confirmation of the presence of mbber domains is achieved by electron microscopy. Comparison with available physical property data serves to increase confidence in the identification or indicate the presence of unexpected structural features. Identification of ABS via pyrolysis gas chromatography (91) and dsc ((92) has also been reported. 

Characterize new electrocatalysts by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), in-situ fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. 

Mesoporous vanadosilicate molecular sieves with MCM-48 structure and atomic SiA ratio 30-200 have been synthesized using vanadyl sulphate as the source of vanadium. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nj adsorption analysis, transmision electron microscopy (TEM), electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR), Diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and V solid state NMR. A noticeable decrease in unit cell parameters and main pore diameter was observed. Thus, a strong interaction between vanadium and mesoporous wall can be suggested. 

The chemical structure of the two polymers can be characterized by several techniques Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) x-ray diffraction (XRD) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mass spectroscopy (MS) ultraviolet spectrometry (UV) and electron scanning for chemical analysis (ESCA). The chemical structure of the two polymers can be analyzed by IR, NIR, or various types of NMR spectroscopy. Determining the structure of chitin and chitosan usually requires the application of combination of various methods. The combination of IR, NIR, and various techniques of NMR give ample information on the chemical structure. IR, NIR, and various types of NMR are less sensitive than that of other quantitative analysis such as UV, HPLC, GC, and MS. 

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