Foundation for Analytical Science and

INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATION FOR ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA... 

Acknowledgments. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (R11-86-10671, DMR-8900979 and DMR-9000782), the NATO Scientific Affairs Division (CRG 890610), and the Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh. Acknowledgment is also made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, and to CICyT, Madrid (project MAT90-0886). A.F. thanks CIRIT, Generalitat de Catalunya, for a research grant to support his stay at the University of Kentucky. 

As he was so close to us in time and spirit, and because our brain-based theory is so different from his, in this chapter we focus on Freud s psychoanalytic model as it was developed in his Projectfor a Scientific Psychology (1895) and The Interpretation of Dreams (1900). Freud wanted his psychology to have a solid foundation in brain science, but he was 100 years too early to build it as we now can. For this reason, he was forced to resort to speculative philosophy, the medium of all pre-modern dream theories that analyse content. The differences between Freud s content analytical scheme and modern theory are shown in Table 1. 

The equations that form the theoretical foundation for the whole science of fluid mechanics were derived more than one century ago by Navier (1827) and Poisson (1831) on the basis of molecular hypotheses. Later the same equations were derived by de Saint Venant (1843) and Stokes (1845) without using such hypotheses. These equations are commonly referred to as the Navier-Stokes equations. Despite the fact that these equations have been known of for more than a century, no general analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations is known. This state of the art is due to the complex mathematical (i.e., nonlinearity) nature of these equations. 

Support provided for this work in part by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (analytical considerations) and by the National Science Foundation (physicochemical studies) is gratefully acknowledged. 

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF EAR-76 17774, and the Geology Foundation of the University of Texas. We sincerely thank the many oil and gas companies, and especially their production crews and supervisors, for their cooperation and patience in permitting and helping us to obtain water samples. Alden Carpenter provided the heavy metals analyses on samples collected for him at his request. Rick Schatzinger first detected the galena in the Strawn No. 1 core. Karl Hoops performed the chemical analyses and spent considerable time perfecting the bromide analytical method. We thank him for his careful, reliable analytical work. Charles Kreitler kindly pointed out editorial and logical flaws in an early manuscript. 

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