Fouling reverse osmosis thin-film composite

Zhu, X. (1996), Colloidal fouling of thin film composite and cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes, Dissertation, University of California, Civil Engineering, Los Angeles. [Pg.400]

Kwak, S.Y., Kim, S.H. and Kim, S.S. 2001. Hybrid organic/inorganic reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for bactericidal anti-fouling. 1. Preparation and characterization of TiOj nanoparticle self-assembled aromatic polyamide thin-film-composite (TFC) membrane. Environ. Sci. Te.chnol. 35 2388-2394. [Pg.73]

Hollow-fiber designs are being displaced by spiral-wound modules, which are inherently more fouling resistant, and require less feed pretreatment. Also, thin-film interfacial composite membranes, the best reverse osmosis membranes available, have not been fabricated in the form of hoUow-fine fibers. [Pg.75]