Formulation deposition

Soil and Liquid Analyses. The behavior of the individual pesticides is best shown by the plots in Figures 3 and 4. Common names for the pesticides are alphabetized on the plots for convenience of location. The formulations deposited are shown immediately below the common names. The vertical axes are either 0-15, 0-150 or 0-1500 yg/g depending on the maximum concentration observed for any one residue. In some cases, such as benomyl and trifluralin in Figure 3, no data points are shown in 1977 because these pesticides were either not measured, as is the case for trifluralin, or the analytical schemes had not yet been devised as is the case for benomyl. Also no data points are shown for bensulide in 1977 because none had been dumped into the pit. 

Drags to be administered to the nasal cavity are generally formulated as nasal drops, which deposit a film of drag solution, or nasal sprays which deposit an aerosol of particles, droplets or particles suspended in droplets. For absorption of aerosol formulations, deposition of the aerosol must occur followed by dissolution of solid particles if applicable. 

This particular formulation deposits nickel at the rate of about 0.015 mm (0.6mil)/h in the form of a nickel-phosphorus alloy [13]. The usual range of phosphorus content in coatings of this kind is 7-9%. Various metal surfaces, including nickel, act as catalysts for the reaction so that deposits can be built up... 

Pharmaceutical powder aerosols have more stringent requirements placed upon the formulation regarding moisture, particle size, and the valve. For metered-dose inhalers, the dispensed product must be deflvered as a spray having a relatively small (3—6 -lm) particle size so that the particles can be deposited at the proper site in the respiratory system. On the other hand, topical powders must be formulated to minimize the number of particles in the 3—6-p.m range because of the adverse effects on the body if these materials are accidently inhaled. 

The inks formulated for jet printing must be very fluid, stable, and free of any particles that could cause clogging of the jet nozzles, and be capable of depositing and adhering to a substrate with a minimum of character fogging. They are generally formulated with soluble dye colorants in a suitable aqueous or solvent-based vehicle (9). 

The efforts of the detergent industry toward solution of its part of the eutrophication problem are, at this point, less complete than its response to the biodegradabihty problem. Soda ash, Na2C02, sodium siUcate, and, to a lesser extent, sodium citrate formed the basis of the early formulations marketed in the areas where phosphates were harmed. Technically, these substances are considerably less effective than sodium tripolyphosphate. As a precipitant builder, soda ash can lead to undesirable deposits of calcium carbonate on textiles and on washing machines. 

Process Control. Some hot nickel and flash electroless copper solutions are plated to the point of exhaustion and then discarded. Most baths are formulated to give bath fives of >6 turnovers of the bath constituents some reach steady-state buildup of the by-products and can be used indefinitely. AU. regenerable solutions should be filtered to remove particulates that can cause deposit roughness and bath instability. 

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