Formulation coupling agents

The filler surface treatment can also be applied as an additive to the adhesive formulation. Coupling agents, such as organotitanates, zircoaluminates, or organosilanes, are added to the formulation so that they preferentially find their way to the filler s surface and provide for optimal surface chemistry and adhesion between the filler and the matrix resin. These coupling agents are discussed in Chap. 10. 

Uses Detergent, substantive conditioner for hair care prods, (creme rinses, conditioning shampoos, styling/mousse formulations) coupling agent, vise, control agent... 

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a solvent and coupling agent for a phosphate-type insecticide used to control the gypsy moth. Esters of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are used in preparations employed as insect repeUents. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is also used as a solvent—carrier for an EPA-approved paper sHmicide formulation. In this appHcation, the exceptional solvent action of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol prevents separation of the... 

In primer formulations for adhesive bonding of metals, the coupling agents that are most frequently used are those based on epoxy and amine functionalities. Aqueous solutions of aminosilanes have been successfully used for obtaining stable adhesive bonds between epoxy and steel [10] and epoxy and titanium [11,12], while epoxy functional silanes are preferable for applications involving aluminum substrates [13,14], A simple solution of % epoxy functional silane in water is currently used for field repairs of military aircraft [15] where phosphoric acid anodization would be extremely difficult to carry out, and performance is deemed quite acceptable. 

With the exception of coupling agent technology, primers for structural adhesive bonding have received little theoretical treatment in the literature beyond a discussion of mechanisms of corrosion inhibition by primer additives and limited discussion about statistical techniques for primer formulation. Perhaps because of the much more widespread use and greater economic importance of corrosion-protective coatings, the design and function of primers for these systems have... 

Various additives and fillers may be employed. Calcium carbonate, talc, carbon black, titanium dioxide, and wollastonite are commonly used as fillers. Plasticizers are often utilized also. Plasticizers may reduce viscosity and may help adhesion to certain substrates. Thixotropes such as fumed silica, structured clays, precipitated silica, PVC powder, etc. can be added. Adhesion promoters, such as silane coupling agents, may also be used in the formulation [69]. 

Soluble oils are delivered, concentrated , to the user and contain an emulsifying agent to ensure that a stable emulsion forms when added to water. This additive does not mix readily with mineral oil, however, so to overcome this a coupling agent is included in the formulation. 

Apart from the materials described earlier, formulations usually include other organics, including coupling agents, antifoams, and surfactants. A commonly employed raw material is polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the form of perhaps PEG-8 oleate or PEG-6 distearate. This surfactant material is used as a metal surface cleaner. It prepares the metal surface to receive inhibitors and improve DCA surface mechanisms. 

Coupling agents such as hydroxymethyl benzene or a polyoxyeth-ylene-polyoxypropylene ether [polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol ether, POE-POP ether, e.g., Ucon synthetic lubricant from Union Carbide Corp.)] and hydrotropes, such as an imidazoline car-boxylate may also be needed to hold the formulation together. 

Other formulations of the Griess reagent included N,N-dimethyl-l-naphthylamine [33, 44] or N-l-naphthylethylenediamine [45, 46] as the coupling agent. 

Figure 4. Effect of EME 58 (58 wt% mercaptoester unit co-polymer) coupling agent concentration on the lap shear strength of acrylic/steel joints following 7 day immersion in 57°C water. See Appendix 4 for acrylic resin formulation and Appendix 5 for shear strength procedure.

Figure 10. Peel strength durability in a 5TC condensing humidity of acetone-degreased and EME 67 (67 wt% mercaptoester unit copolymer) coupling agent treated 1010 carbon steel/epoxy peel test panels. The epoxy top-coat formulation is given in Appendix 4.

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