Formaldehyde, 31 Table nomenclature

The common method of naming aldehydes corresponds very closely to that of the related acids (see Carboxylic acids), in that the term aldehyde is added to the base name of the acid. For example, formaldehyde (qv) comes from formic acid, acetaldehyde (qv) from acetic acid, and butyraldehyde (qv) from butyric acid. If the compound contains more than two aldehyde groups, or is cycHc, the name is formed using carbaldehyde to indicate the functionaUty. The lUPAC system of aldehyde nomenclature drops the final e from the name of the parent acycHc hydrocarbon and adds al If two aldehyde functional groups are present, the suffix -dialis used. The prefix formjlis used with polyfunctional compounds. Examples of nomenclature types are shown in Table 1. 

This subsection will familiarize the reader with the naniing system tor some of die more common and simple organic groups, and present the salient characteristics of these groups. The basic system of aliphatic organic nomenclature is shown in Table 4. The prefix for the name is based on the number of carbons involved and remains the. same for each type of compound described. The suffix is dctcnnined by the type of compound and is independent of the number of carbons in the molecule. Tlius. mediane. methanol, methanol (formaldehyde), and methanoic (fonnic) acid represent an alkane, an alcohol, an aldehyde, and a carboxylic acid, respectively, each with one carbon per molecule. In contrast, methanol,... 

---