Forging technology

Another important development in forging technology is the use of austenitic stainless steel components for fast breeder reactors (FBRs). Components of the reactor vessel for Monju, the prototype FBR in Japan, were manufactured using type 304 stainless steel. Significant advances in production technologies were made to fabricate the austenitic steel... 

Beta Thermomechanical Processes. Suc-cessfiil practices for forgings include controlled P forging processes followed by the above noted subtransus solution treatment and age. The P forging thermomechanical processes are particularly well suited to isothermal or hot die forging technology. 

Tecdmology Development Effectiveness. As a result of both conventional and hot-die/isothermal forging technology developmental efforts, the size of the net titanium precision forging that can be fabricated to the previously listed design and tolerance criteiia (see Table 3) has tripled—fiem 0.081 m (125 in. ) to over 0.194 m (300 in. ) in terms of plan view area (see Fig. 7). The critical elements in... 

Inductive heating of components is known, for example, from the hardening and forging technology. Furthermore, in the household sector, induction cook tops are available on the market. 

Recommended materials are outlined in the standards. Some of the recommendations in the standard are carbon steel for base plates, heat-treated forged steel for compressor wheels, heat-treated forged alloy steel for turbine wheels, and forged steel for couplings. The growth of materials technology has been so rapid especially in the area of high temperature materials the standard does not deal with it. Details of some of the materials... 

Figure 2-4C. Forged steel welded-end fittings. By permission, Tube Turn Technologies, Inc.

Advances in powder metallurgy have brought the technology to a point where it could be applied advantageously to the production cf highly stressed, critical components. Specifically, PM forging now can replace the conventional forging of certain low-alloy steel components. 

A Military Specification (MIL-F-45961), the first of its kind,for prealloyed steel powder forgings was then drafted and has been accepted as a standard by Department of Defense and commercial organizations. The significance of this work is that the improved PM manufacturing technology is applicable to all weapon systems which require complex-shaped steel forgings... 

In contrast,Chapter 11 looks at the very recent introduction of computer-based multimedia technologies into chemical education as a way of forging macro/sub-micro/symbolic links. Chiu and Wu discuss the value of such approaches as, respectively, a modelling tool, a learning tool, an assessment tool and an instructional tool. Their thesis is given added weight by the inclusion of results from classroom development and evaluation projects. 

Buchwald parlayed the powerful Buchwald-Hartwig aryl amination technology [439-447] into a simple and versatile indoline synthesis [448-452], For example, indole 368, which has been employed in total syntheses of the marine alkaloids makaluvamine C and damirones A and B, was readily forged via the Pd-mediated cyclization shown below [448], This intramolecular amination is applicable to the synthesis of -substituted optically active indolines [450], and o-bromobenzylic bromides can be utilized in this methodology, as illustrated for the preparation of 369 [451]. Furthermore, this Pd-catalyzed amination reaction has been applied to the synthesis of arylhydrazones, which are substrates for the Fischer indole synthesis [453,454],... 

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