For snakebites

The Indian folk medicine, called Ayurvedic medicine, can be traced back 3000-5000 years and was practiced by the Brahmin sages of ancient times. The treatments were set out in sacred writings called Vedas. The material medica are extensive and most are based on herbal formulations. Some of the herbs have appeared in Western medicines, such as cardamom and cinnamon. Susruta, a physician in the fourth century ad, described the use of henbane as antivenom for snakebites. 

Schumanniophyton magnificum has been the source of most of the alkaloids so far isolated. It has several interesting uses in traditional medicine. In Cameroon the bark is used for dysentery as an enema (70). The phenolic compounds present may exert an astringent effect to account for this. In Nigeria the stem juice is used as a treatment for snakebite and the roots are used to treat madness. 

Aristolochia shimadai Hayata Taiwan Ma Dou Ling (stem) Aristolochic acid.54 Relieve pain, a diuretic, externally for snakebite. 

Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Shan Yao (Chinese yam) (leaf, tuber, root) Allantoin, arginine, choline, glutamine, leucine, tyrosine, diosgenin, sinodiosgenin.50 Leaf juice for snakebite, root for asthma, cachexia, cough, debility, diarrhea, neurasthenia, polyuria, tuber is anthelmintic. 

Paracyclea insularis Kudo et Yamamoto Tu Fang Ji (root) Insulanoline, msularine, iso-chondrodendrine.58 Treat headache, throat pain, arthritis pain, externally for snakebite. 

N.A. Daidzin, diadzein, isoflavonoids, puerarin, sterol.99 For colds, influenza, feverish illness, thirst in diabetes, externally for snakebite. 

Gawarammana IB, Kularatne SA, Dissanayake WP, Kumarasiri RP, Senanayake N, Ariyasena H. Parallel infusion of hydrocortisone + - chlorpheniramine bolus injection to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom for snakebites. Med J Aust 2004 180(l) 20-3. 

Teucrium riparium Hochst. umnunu (Lamiaceae) root bark infusion is used in the treatment of diarrhoea. The root bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins 15). The plant is also used for snakebites 28). 

Strychnos madagascariensis Spreng. ex. Baker, [umkhwakhwa, blak monkey orange] (Loganiaceae) leaf decoction is the only Swazi plant documented that is used for snakebite. The leaf contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, saponins and steroids (15). The frait is edible (23). The stem bark is for stomachache (11). 

Used in Brazilian traditional medicine as antiinflammatory, antiasthmatic and abortifacient, as well as an antidote for snakebite, to cure. several types of cancer. 

Aristolochia ridicula H.B.K. (leaves) (I-3,II-6)-Biflavones Ridiculuflavone A (145) ridiculuflavone B (146) ridiculuflavone C (149) ridiculuflavone D (147) (I-fi,0,II-7 I-a, II-6)-Chalcone-flavone dimers Ridiculuflavonylchalcone B (310). Used in Brazilian traditional medicine as antiinflammatory, antiasthmatic and abortifacient, as well as an antidote for snakebite, to cure several types of cancer. Machado and Lopes, 2005[159], 2008[160]. 

Several species of the genus Hedychium have been reported to be used in folk medicine. Hot water extract of fresh leaves of H. coronarium is used orally to treat hypertension or induce diuresis in Brazil [209]. Dried rhizomes powder of H. coronarium mixed with a cup of milk is taken daily to treat diabetes in India [210]. Decoction of the stems of H. cylindricum is drunk for spleen fever in Borneo [211]. Hot water extract of the rhizomes of H. longicornutum is drunk as vermifuge in Malaysia [212]. Fresh plant juice of H. spicatum in India is used for snakebite, the plant is made into a paste and applied to the bite, the juice is dropped into the nostrils, ears and navel [213]. Rhizomes of H. spicatum were used as an insect repellant and for stomach ailments [214] and also as an emmenagogue [215] in India. 

T raditional Medicine. This plant (E. angustifolia) was universally used as an antidote for snakebite and other venomous bites and stings and poisonous conditions. Echinacea seems to have been used as a remedy for more ailments than any other plant. Diseases and conditions for which echinacea was employed by physicians (1887-1939) included old sores, wounds, snakebite, gangrene, and as a local antiseptic internally for diphtheria, typhoid conditions, cholera infantum, syphilis, and blood poisoning. ... 

Traditional Medicine. In Chinese folk medicine, a decoction of the whole aboveground herb is used for treatment of colds, sunstroke, tonsillitis, pleurisy, urinary tract infections, infectious hepatitis, jaundice, and dysentery as an antidote for arsenic poisoning, poisoning by Gelsemium elegans, and toxic mushrooms external poultice for snakebites, scabies, traumatic injuries, and herpes zoster (uangsu). 

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