For environmental analysis

Kratochvil, B. Goewie, C. E. Taylor, J. K. Sampling Theory for Environmental Analysis, Trends Anal. Chem. 1986,5, 253-256. 

Quantitative analytical methods using FIA have been developed for cationic, anionic, and molecular pollutants in wastewater, fresh waters, groundwaters, and marine waters, several examples of which were described in the previous section. Table 13.2 provides a partial listing of other analytes that have been determined using FIA, many of which are modifications of conventional standard spectropho-tometric and potentiometric methods. An additional advantage of FIA for environmental analysis is its ability to provide for the continuous, in situ monitoring of pollutants in the field. ... 

J. M. Van Emon and R. O. Mumma, Immunochemical Methods for Environmental Analysis, ACS Symposium Series 442, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1990. 

A number of soHd-phase automated immunoassay analyzers have been used for performing immunoassays. Table 5 (96) provides usefiil information on maximum tests that can be mn per hour, as well as the maximum number of analytes per sample. A number of immunoassay methods have been found usefiil for environmental analysis (see AUTOMATED INSTRUMENTATION). 

Figure 2.19 Schematic representation of an on-line liquid-liquid extraction-GC/AED system. Reprinted from Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 18, E. C. Goosens et al, Continuous liquid-liquid extraction combined on-line with capillary gas chromatography- atomic emission detection for environmental analysis , pp. 38-44, 1995, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

J. Slobodnik, H. Lingeman and U. A. Th Brinkman, Large-volume liquid cliromato-grapliic trace-enrichment system for environmental analysis , Chromatogmphia 50 141-149 (1999). 

J. R. Dean, Extraction Methods for Environmental Analysis, Jolm Wiley Sons Chichester (1998). 

Qubvauviller Ph and Maier EA 1999), Interlaboratory Studies and Certified Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis. Elsevier Publishers B.V., Amsterdam. 

Bayona JM (1995) Development of supercritical fluid extraction procedures for the determination of organotin compounds in sediment. In Quevauviller Ph, Maier EA, and Griepink B, eds. Quality assurance for environmental analysis, pp 465-487. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Fairman B, and Sanz-Midel A 1995) Determination of aluminium species in natural waters. In Quevauviiler Ph, Maier EA and Griepink B, eds. Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis, pp 216-233. Elsevier, Amsterdam,... 

Griepink B eds.. Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis, pp 89-110. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Horvat M (1996) Mercury speciation and analysis. In Global and Regional Mercury Cycles Sources. Fluxes and Mass Balances, Baeyens W, Ebinghaus R and Vasiliev O, eds. pp 1-31. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. 

Quevauviller Ph, and Maier EA (1999) Interlaboratory studies and certified reference materials for environmental analysis - the BCR approach. Elsevier, Amsterdam Quevauviller Ph, Drabaek I, Muntau H, Biahchi M, Bortoli A, and Griepink B (1996a) Certified reference materials (CRMs 463 and 464) for the quafity control of total and methyl mercury determination in tuna fish. Trends Anal Chem 15 160-167. 

Quevauviller Ph, Herzig R. and Muntau H (1996b) Certified reference material of lichen (CRM 482) for the quality control of trace element biomonitoring. Sci Total Environ 187 143-152 Quevauviller Ph, Lachica M., Barahona E, Rauret G, Ure A, Gomez A, and Muntau H (1997) The certification of the EDTA-extractable contents (mass fractions) of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn and of the DTPA-extractable contents (mass fractions) of Cd and Ni in calcareous soil by the extraction procedures given CRM 600. EUR Report 17555 Quevauviller Ph. Maier EA, and Griepink B, eds. (1995) Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 

Veecoutere K, and Cornelis R (1995) Chromium speciation in environmental and biological samples. In Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis, Qubvauviller Ph, Maiee EA and Geiepink B, eds. pp 195-213. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Wise SA (1993) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic constituents in environmental samples. In Barcelo D, ed. Environmental Analysis Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance, pp 403-446. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Wise SA, and Schantz MM (1997) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic contaminants in environmental samples. In Clement R and Siu M, eds. Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis Making and Using Them, pp 143-186. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 

Ci.EMENT RE, Keith LH, Siu KWM, eds. (1997) Reference materials for environmental analysis, CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton New York London Tokyo. 

The most common criticism of whole-cell MALDI is that the method requires a relatively large number of cells, usually obtained directly from culture media. In principle, an analysis of even a few unknown bacteria (a colony-forming unit) is possible after a culture step. More important is the number of bacteria needed in a sample or on the sample probe for successful analysis. Detection of a very small number of bacteria could eliminate the need for a preliminary culture step. This would be a considerable asset for environmental analysis (unless to many bacteria were detected) and for the detection of a bioterrorism-related release of bacteria. 

For environmental analysis or other fields where flexibility in analyte detection and/or the possibility to record whole spectra is essential, the use of spectrometers is inevitable. Recording full spectra also allows using chemometric methods to extract information from these spectra for multi-component analysis43. 

W. Wardencki, J. Curylo, J. Namiesnik, Trends in solventless preparation techniques for environmental analysis, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 70, 275 288 (2007). 

Oubina A, Ballesteros B, Bou Carrasco P, Galve R, Gascdn J, Iglesias F, Sanvicens N, Marco MP (1999) Immunoassays for environmental analysis. In Barcelo D (ed) Sample handling and trace analysis of pollutants techniques, applications and quality assurance. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 287... 

Therefore, the challenge in sampling solids for environmental analysis is to collect a relatively small portion of the sample that accurately represents the composition of the whole. This requires that sample increments be collected such that no piece, regardless of position (or size) relative to the sampling position and implement, is selectively collected or rejected. Optimization of solids sampling is a function of the many variable constituents of coal and is reflected in the methods by which an unbiased sample can be obtained, as is required by coal sampling (ASTM D197). 

Dean, J. R. 1998. Extraction Methods for Environmental Analysis. Wiley, New York. Dean, J. R. 2003. Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Dixon, W. J., and Massey, F. J. 1969. Introduction to Statistical Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

A Fundamental Approach to Reverse-Osmosis Concentration and Fractionation of Organic Chemicals in Aqueous Solutions for Environmental Analysis... 

T HE SEPARATION, CONCENTRATION, AND FRACTIONATION of organic solutes in aqueous solutions by reverse osmosis are of practical interest from the points of view of water purification and collection of samples for environmental analysis. Although many experimental data on the separation of organic solutes are available in the literature (1-2), very few fundamental works have been accomplished so far. We have been studying this subject in the framework of the preferential sorp-... 

A 9 mL aliquot from each TIMS sample solution was submitted to the University of Georgia, Laboratory for Environmental Analysis, for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis (ICP-MS). A Perkin-Elmer Elan 6000 ICP-MS with quadrapole chamber mass detector system was used to analyze the solution for Ag, As, Cu, Sb, Sn, Pb, and Zn. Insufficient sample remained for further analysis or replicate samples. However, all appropriate blanks, dilutions, and standards were run. 

---