Fonnaldehyde, oxidation

McCabe, R.W. and Mitchell, P.J. (1988). Exhaust-catalyst development for methanol-fiieled vehicles. 111. Fonnaldehyde oxidation. Appl. Catal. 44, 73-93. 

Recently, it has been demonstrated that coordination vacancies on the surface metal cations are relevant to the unique redox reactivity of oxide surfaces]2]. Oxidation of fonnaldehyde and methyl formate to adsorbed formate intermediates on ZnO(OOOl) and reductive C-C coupling of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and cyclic ketones on 1102(001) surfaces reduced by Ar bombardment are observed in temperature-prognunmed desorption(TPD). The thermally reduced 1102(110) surface which is a less heavily damaged surface than that obtained by bombardment and contains Ti cations in the -t-3 and +4 states, still shows activity for the reductive coupling of formaldehyde to form ethene]13]. Interestingly, the catalytic cyclotrimerization of alkynes on TiO2(100) is also traced in UHV conditions, where cation coordination and oxidation states appear to be closely linked to activity and selectivity. The nonpolar Cu20( 111) surface shows a... 

A further method for estimation of sialic acid using periodic acid has been reported by Massamiri and coworkers.121 Fonnaldehyde produced by mild, oxidative cleavage of the D-en/f/iro-glycerol-l-yl side-chain of Neu can be detected by 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, which yields a green-blue color (absorbance maximum 625 nm). This test, which is slightly more sensitive than the thiobarbi-... 

It was the late Professor Callender (12), who as an outcome of experiments upon the slow combustion of hexane which resulted in the formation of valeraldenyde, acetaldehyde, and fonnaldehyde without any detectable initial hexyl alcohol, CeHi3OH, first suggested that the initial oxidation of a hydrocarbon in air more probably involves the formation of an alkyl peroxide by the direct incorporation of the oxygen molecule in the hydrocarbon molecule after the collision which subsequently decomposes into aldehydes and water thus... 

The Reaction. Acrolein has been produced commercially since 1938. The first commercial processes were based on the vapor-phase condensation of acetaldehyde and fonnaldehyde (1). In the 1940s a series of catalyst developments based on cuprous oxide and cupric selenites led to a vapor-phase propylene oxidation route to acrolein (7,8). In 1959 Shell was the first to commercials this propylene oxidation to acrolein process. These early propylene oxidation catalysts were capable of only low per pass propylene conversions (ca 15%) and therefore required significant recycle of unreacted propylene (9-11). 

C-formaldchyde in respiratory mucosa tissues were approximately 2-3 times that in olfactory mucosa tissues. Tlie H and C radioisotopes were chosen to distinguish between metabolic incorporation of oxidized fonnaldehyde metabolites ( C) and covalent binding ( H) into macromolecules. At all exposure concentrations, RNA was the most heavily C-labelcd macromolecule in the respiratory and olfactory mucosa. DNA from the respiratory and olfactory mucosa was C-labclcd at equivalent or greater levels than proteins. In the bone marrow, DNA was the most heavily " C-labeled macromolecule. DNA-protein cross links have also been identified in male rats and male Rhesus monkeys exposed to formaldehyde concentrations of 9.87 ppm for 6 hours. Concentrations of formaldehyde-protein cross links were greatest in the middle turbinate tissues and lowest in the nasophaiyngeal tissues, with some evidence of cross link formation seen in the larynx, trachea, carina, and major intrapulmonary airway tissues of two of the monkeys tested (Casanova et al. 1989a). 

Winters DK, Clejan LA, Cederbaum AL 1988. Oxidation of glycerol to fonnaldehyde by rat liver microsomes. Biochern Biophys Res Commun 153 612-617. 

Magnesimn nitrate, Tm(II) fluoride, 4693 Manganese(IV) oxide, Calcium hydride, 4705 Molybdenum(VI) oxide, Graphite, 4717 Nitric acid, Fonnaldehyde, 4436 Nitric acid, Fonnic acid, 4436... 

When the concentration of ozone was less than 1 cc. per liter of mixed gases, 90 per cent yields of fonnaldehyde based on the ozone were obtained. Use of higher concentrations of ozone lowered the yields. In the absence of water, the ozonide decomposes to formic acid and fonnaldehyde but with water present formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide are formed. With dilute ozone very little secondary oxidation of formaldehyde occurs. The addition of ammonia to the gases raises the yield, probably because it protects the formaldehyde from further oxidation by the fonnation of hexamethylenetetramine. 

Two patents, both of which describe the oxidation of ethylene by the action of ozonized oxygen, have been taken out in Germany and in the tjnited States, respectively. According to the first88 weakly ozonized oxygen or ozonized air mixed with ethylene and a spray of finely divided water particles is conducted over contact bodies at temperatures between 20° and 100° C., when a reaction takes place which results in the formation of a mixture of fonnaldehyde and glycol. Both substances may be obtained in excellent yields if the reaction products are immediately removed from further action by ozone or by the catalyst. This is effected... 

Reaction mechanism and kinetics of methanol oxidation to fonnaldehyde... 

Precaution Flamm. flamm. limits 1.2-10.7% vol. in air avoid heat, flame, sources of ignition keep away from strong oxidizing materials Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Combustion prods. CO, COj, silicon compds., fiuori-nated compds., fonnaldehyde Storage Reclose containers immediately after use BYK -345 [BYK-Chemie GmbH BYK-Chemie USA]... 

Precaution Wear safety glasses, gloves and/or protective clothing avoid contact with eyes and skin oxidizing material can cause a reaction Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Healed to decomp., emits CO , SiOj, traces of incompletely burned carbon compds., metal oxides, and fonnaldehyde NFPA Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Dow Coming 02-5200 Formulation Aid [Dow Coming S Black]... 

Synonyms p-lsooclylpolyoxyethylenephenol fomraldehyde polymer Oxyelhylaled tertiary oct phenol-fonnaldehyde polymer Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, polymer with fonnaldehyde and oxirane p-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl) phenol polymer with ethylene oxide and fonnaldehyde 4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbut ) phenol polymer with fonnaldehyde and oxirane T oxypal Definition An oxyethylated-t-octylphenolpolymelhylene polymer Ionic Nature Nonionic Empirical (C,4H2202 C2H4O CH20) ... 

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