Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation

Figure 19.11 Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, ovary and testis and feedback regulation. GnRH is gonadotrophin-releasing hormone the gonadotrophins are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). The effect of these hormones on activities in the ovary and testes is shown. FSH stimulates synthesis and secretion of oestradiol from follicle, and spermatogenesis in testis. LH stimulates synthesis and secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum and synthesis and secretion of testosterone by the Leydig cells.

Anterior part produces its own hormones in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones, e.g., adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, luteinizing hormone LH, follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH Thyroid Regulation of metabolism, development, and maturation... 

Acting as an intracellular second messenger, cAMP mediates such hormonal responses as the mobilization of stored energy (the breakdown of carbohydrates in liver or triglycerides in fat cells stimulated by B-adrenomimetic catecholamines), conservation of water by the kidney (mediated by vasopressin), Ca2+ homeostasis (regulated by parathyroid hormone), and increased rate and contractile force of heart muscle ( -adrenomimetic catecholamines). It also regulates the production of adrenal and sex steroids (in response to corticotropin or follicle-stimulating hormone), relaxation of smooth muscle, and many other endocrine and neural processes. 

Strowitzki T, Kentenich H, Kiesel L, Neulen J, Bilger W. Ovarian stimulation in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer using recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (Gonal-F) in non-down-regulated cycles. Hum Reprod 1995 10(12) 3097-101. 

Fig. 6. Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the glands and target organs they regulate (ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone LH = luteinizing hormone FSH = follicle stimulating hormone TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone PRL = prolactin GH = growth hormone).

Barraclough CA, Wise PM (1982) The role of catecholamines in the regulation of pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. Endocrine Rev 5 91-119. 

Cl. Chun, S. Y., Eisenhauer, K. M., Minami, S., Billig, H., Perlas, E., and Hsueh, A. J. W., Hormonal regulation of apoptosis in early antral follicles Follicle-stimulated hormone as a major survival factor. Endocrinology 137, 1447-1456 (1996). 

Hormones synthesised by the antei ior pituitary that regulate the activity of various endocrine glands are referred to as tropic hormones (e.g. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)). 

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