Folded membrane

Pleura Folded membrane surrounding the lungs. Space between the visceral... 

There are many thousands of outstanding applications where plastics are used in electrical designs. The designers imaginations have excelled in developing new plastic products. An example is the folded membrane and snap switches in controlling electronic devices. 

Folded membranes were generated out of two phospholipid monolayers at the air/subphase interface [158]. A thin Teflon septum separated the two half-cells of the setup which was also made of Teflon. This septum, with an orifice 50-200 jim in diameter, was... 

In reconstitution experiments, the self-assembly of the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus (aHL) [181-183] was examined in plain and S-layer-supported lipid bilayers. Staphylococcal aHL formed lytic pores when added to the lipid-exposed side of the DPhPC bilayer with or without an attached S-layer from B coagulans E38/vl. The assembly of aHL pores was slower at S-layer-supported compared to unsupported folded membranes. No assembly could be detected upon adding aHL monomers to the S-layer face of the composite membrane. Therefore, the intrinsic molecular sieving properties of the S-layer lattice did not allow passage of aHL monomers through the S-layer pores to the lipid bilayer [142]. 

In mart, an overlooked feature is the occurrence of mucoid-like plugs in the foetal nostrils (Schaeffer, 1910). The presence of this blockage can be confirmed by endoscopic inspection in utero these plugs seem likely to affect free amniotic flow, since they appear to be reinforced by a folded membranous gathering at the nasal vestibule (PI. 4B). A degree of restriction of fluid access to the VN aperture, which is immediately caudal to the nostril aperture, and is patent in foetal life, may be a protective feature (Jordan, 1972). The timing of the dissolution of these sealant devices prior to parturition is regrettably not known. 

FOLDING, MEMBRANE INSERTION AND ASSEMBLY OF TRANSPORT PROTEINS... 

The Golgi apparatus is a complex of folded membranes, which is involved in the post-translational modification of proteins. 

Sheets of folded membranes, within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that are the sites for protein synthesis and transport. 

The inner membrane is highly folded to create a large surface area. The folded membranes are known as cristae. The inner mitochondrial membrane is almost completely impermeable to most substances. For this reason it has many transport proteins to bring particular fuel molecules into the matrix space. Also embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane are the protein electron carriers of the electron transport system and ATP synthase. ATP synthase is a large complex of many proteins that catalyzes the s)mthesis of ATP. 

Chen Y, Du J, Xiong M, Guo H, Jinnai H, Kaneko T (2007) Perforated block copolymer vesicles with a highly folded membrane. Macromolecules 40 4389-4392 Giumelard J, Taubert A, Meier W (2004) Soft nanotubes from amphiphiUc ABA triblock macromonomers. ChemCommun 13 1462-1463... 

Endoplasmic reticulum A highly folded membranous compartment within the cytoplasm that is responsible for a great variety of cellular tasks, including the glycosylation and trafficking of proteins destined for secretion or for the cell membrane or some organelles. It also functions in lipid synthesis, and the enzymes of many pathways of intermediate metabolism are located on its surface. 

Membrane receptors contain single, fourfold, sevenfold, and 24-fold membrane-spanning domains. 

Fig. 30.10 Capsule filtration unit with folded membrane filter (Picture Pall). Source Recepteerkunde 2009, KNMP...

The vesicle family also has a wide range of morphological variations such as simple vesicles with a hydrophobic membrane and hydrophilic corona as shown in Figure 7, onion-like vesicles, elongated tubular vesicles, large compound vesicles, genus vesicles, perforated vesicles with a highly folded membrane, and flower-like vesicles. 

In the AL-DS orientation, arsenite rejection by the folded membrane remained approximately equal to that by the clean membrane. When the support layer is facing the feed solution, membrane fouling can cause two opposite effects on the rejection of inorganic contaminants by FO membrane. On the one hand, foulant entrapment inside the porous support layer will likely reduce porosity of support layer, resulting in a greater structural parameter and thus a reduced mass transfer coefficient. Consequently, alginate fouling inside the membrane support layer can decrease the... 

Most Phase I and Phase II reactions take place in liver cells. These cells, called hepatocytes, are organized in wedgelike lobules the lobules are situated between blood vessels on one side and bile canals on the other (Figure 6.6). As blood moves past the lobules, small nonpolar xenobiotics that have been taken up into the bloodstream diffuse out of the blood vessels and into the hepatocytes. Most Phase I and Phase II enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, a highly folded membranous structure in the cytoplasm of the cell a few enzymes are found in the aqueous cytoplasm itself and in mitochondria (Figure 6.1). Once a molecule has been enzymatically transformed, it is exported by the hepatocytes either to the blood vessels or to the bile canals bordering the lobules (Figure 6.6). Size is a factor Smaller... 

The endoplasmic reticulum is ari extensive network (or reticulum) of continuous folded membranes with a complex shape. The folds create inner cavities called cistemae. The endoplasmic reticulum may be described as rough or smooth (RER or SER) depending on the attachment of ribosomes which give a rough appearance to the structure. Polypeptides assembled on RER are synthesized with an additional section of variable length called a signal or leader sequence at their N-terminus. This extension facilitates the insertion of the polypeptide chain into the membrane and,... 

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