Fly agaric

Fly agaric (Amanita muscara), which is similar to the tropane alkaloids, is also used by drug addicts. This abuse takes place over only a short period of time. 

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Fluorocurine, 385 Fly agaric, 658 Foenugrec, 7 Formosanine, 756, 757 Fraxitms malacophylla, 780 FritiUaria spp., alkaloids, 732 pharmacological action, 734 Frittilarine fritilline fritimine, 732, 733, 734... 

Fliegen-gift, n. fly poison, -holz, n. quassia wood, -kobalt, m, = Fliegenstein. -leim, m. fly glue, -papier, n. fly paper, -pilz, m. — Fliegenschwamm. -pulver, n. fly powder, -schwamm, m. fly agaric, fly amanita (Amo-nita muscaria). -stein, m. native arsenic. 

A number of mushrooms, liberty cap (psilocybe), psilocybin, fly agaric, Amantia muscaria and the peyote cactus contain hallucinogenic agents. They are usually eaten raw but can be dried out and stored or cooked into food or made into a tea and drunk. The effects are highly variable and whereas 20-30 liberty caps would be required to give a full dose, just one fly agaric mushroom would produce similar actions. Some recent local surveys in the UK have found between 12% and 15% of 16-year-olds claiming to have used these at least once. 

Fly agaric use is more likely to result in unpleasant effects, including nausea and vomiting, stiffness of joints and lack of coordination. High doses (anything more than one fly agaric mushroom) may result in intense disorientation and even possibly convulsions. 

An illustrated foray into the hidden truth about the use of psychoactive mushrooms to connect with the divine. Draws parallels between Vedic beliefs and Judeo-Christian sects, showing the existence of a mushroom cult that crossed cultural boundaries. Contends that the famed philosophers stone of the alchemist was a metaphor for the mushroom. Confirms and extends Robert Gordon Wasson s hypothesis of the role of the fly agaric... 

Amino Acid Hallucinogens Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria... 

Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) is a mushroom that grows in forests, often under birches, firs, and larches (Schultes and Hofman 1980, 1992). It has a reddish, flat, and ovate cap, with distinct white warts over the surface. Another variety has an orange or yellowish cap, with yellow warts. The stem is white, cylindrical, and hollow, with a bulbous shape at the bottom (figure 9.17). 

The Amanita genus comprises about 50 or 60 species, with vaiying chemical constituents—a number of which are toxic (Schultes and Hofman 1980, 1992). Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) grows in widespread northern temperate zones of Eurasia and North America. In North... 

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria). Schultes RE, Flofman A. (1980). The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens, 2nd ed. Springfield, III. Charles C. Thomas Publishers. 

The psychoactive constituents of fly agaric are amino acid derivatives (Eugster et al. 1965 Schultes and Flofman 1980, 1992). These include ibotenic acid, muscimol, muscazone, muscarine, and (R)-4-hydroxy-... 

The muscarinic ACh receptors (of which there are at least five subtypes) are metabotropic. Their name is derived from the alkaloid muscarine, which is found in the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria), for example. Like ACh, muscarine is bound at the receptor, but in contrast to ACh (see C), it is not broken down and therefore causes permanent stimulation of muscle. 

Stimulation - excitatory amino acids -headache, confusion, hallucinations Red alga (red tide), Green alga Mushrooms - Amanita family (fly agaric), flat pea [Lathyrus] Kainic acid, domoic acid -concentrated in shellfish, Ibotenic acid, muscarinic acid, (hallucinations) Latthyrism - motor neuron degeneration... 

Muscarine Muscarine, molecular formula C9H2qN02, first isolated from fly agaric Amanita muscaria, occurs in certain mushrooms, especially in the species of the genera Inocybe and Clitocybe. It is a parasympathomimetic substance. It causes profound activation of the peripheral parasympathetic nervous system, which may result in convulsions and death. Muscarine mimics the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. 

Source mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) found in north temperate climates in wooded areas especially around birch trees... 

Datura preparations are used in magic and witchcraft in many areas of the world. Amanita muscaria, the fly agaric mushroom, was not only probably used by the ancient Vikings when they went into battle, but, according to recent evi-... 

The fly agaric has a whitish stalk, swollen at the base, a lacerated collar about three quarters of the way up the stalk, and a gorgeously colored umbrellalike cap from three to eight inches wide. In North America the cap will be mostly whitish, yellowish, or orange-red, but in Europe or Asia bright red or purple. In all regions the cap is covered with many whitish, yellowish, or reddish warts.1... 

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