Flux curve

At very high qualities the liquid film is thin and the rate of entrainment is low. The entrained liquid mass flux curve is almost parallel with the total liquid mass flux in Figure 5.26 i.e., the liquid evaporation rate is supported solely by the liquid deposition rate. If the boiling heat flux q" < q D, where q"D = GDH]g, the boiling crisis can be averted by a deposition liquid mass flux, GD, as shown in Figure 5.26, and therefore is called deposition-controlled CHF. 

Figure 14-7 Typical batch flux curve with operating lines (...) underloaded ...

If a tangent is drawn from the point on the abscissa corresponding to the required underflow concentration C , it will meet the if curve at a concentration value CL at which fT has the minimum value (A/v. and will intersect the ordinate axis at a value equal to irTL. The construction is dependent on the fact that the slopes of the tangent and of the iru line are equal and opposite ( uu). Thus, in order to determine both Cl and (An, it is not necessary to plot the total-flux curve (ibatch sedimentation (if ) curve. The value of (A/ /, determined in this way is then inserted in equation 5.46 to obtain the required area A. 

Figure 18 displays mass flux curves plotted against time. This particular selection of curves shows the difference in conversion gas rates with respect to wood fuel. Wood chips are significantly easier to convert than 6 mm wood pellets, which in turn have higher mass flux of conversion gas than fuel wood for a given volume flux of primary air through the conversion system. 

The air factor curves of the conversion system look very much like the inverted mass flux curves, see Figure 21. As a matter of fact, they are negatively coupled, that is, if one goes up the other one goes down. This particular selection of graphs is representative for the whole test. Consequently, the air factors for the wood chips and the wood pellets were close to or below one, whereas the fuel wood in most of the cases were above one during the whole batch run. 

Figure 2. Normalized broad-band fluxes, corrected for Av=0.6 and joined by spline curves, are shown for three representative days. The best fitting blackbody is also shown. An M measurement made on day 163 is illustrated but was not included in the determination of the bolometric flux curves shown in Fig. 3.

When the data abruptly departs from the drift flux curve, a change in the flow regime is assumed to occur flooding, according to Wallis (3). It was visually observed that increased coalescence and slugging occurred when the experimental data diverged from the drift flux curve. 

Figure 3. Drift-flux curves for 9.5-cm diameter column ([ ) PE spargers, (O)...

The transition between the two mdoels is not yet clear, however it would seem departure from the drift-flux curve may indicate this transition. It remains to be determined the precise form... 

In the case of cross-flow hltration, one can expect that the gel-layer thickness and the surface concentration of the solute wUl vary with distance from the channel entrance. As a consequence, the local permeate flux will also vary with longitudinal position. In a highly recommended article, Denisov [53] presented a mathematically rigorous theory of concentration polarization in cross-flow ultraflltration, which takes into account the nonuniformity of the local permeate membrane flux. He derived equations describing the pressure/flux curve. 

Because it is the RS enantiomer that specifically binds to the immobilized anti-RS, these data suggest that this Fab fragment facilitating the transport of RS enantiomer. Further evidence that it is the Fab fragment that is facilitating the transport of RS is obtained from feed concentration of drug vs. flux curve, which showed Langmuirian-type curve. 

Fig. 12 Schematic showing the difference in flux curves between a conventional (spherical bead) ion exchanger and the CIM.

Effects of additives. The results are summarized In Figure 2 in terms of water solubility of additive solvent and membrane performance evaluated with 0.2% ovalbumlne aqueous solution. The water flux rises very steeply from zero to 8.8xl0 ml/mln.m In correspondence with Increase In the water solubility of additive solvent from 1 to 4 g/dl. Contrary to the fact that the water flux curve has a plateau for the additive water solubility larger than 4 g/dl, the ovalbumlne permeation values for some water mis-slble additive solvents are undesirably higher than those for additive solvents, of which water solubility Is in the rang,e from 4 to 20 g/dl. 

The existence of the shoulder on the side of the oxygen flux curve was observed in several different film tests. The shoulder was shown to not be an experimental artifact by performing separate experiments with 1 atm and 0.21 atm oxygen as the driving force. When results from these experiments were calculated on a permeability basis the curves superimposed exactly. 

Figure 12. Oxygen Flux Curves From Figure 11 Normalized to Common Zero. EvOH oxygen permeability did not increase with treatment in boiling water.

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