Fluorocarbons, pyrolants

Koch, E.-C., Metal-Fluorocarbon Pyrolants 111 Development and Application of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV), Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 27,... 

Koch E-C, Hahma A, Klapotke TM, Radies H (2010) Metal - fluorocarbon pyrolants XL Radiometric performance of pyrolants based on magnesium, perfluorinated tetrazolates, and Viton A. PropeU Explos Pyrotech 35 248-253... 

Wavers for electronics composed from layered Si, Si02, SiC and/or Si3N4 structures are typically etched at ambient temperature in RF-coupled fluorocarbon plasmas (CF4/02). Although the reaction conditions are not quite like in a combustion of an energetic material - the Si-based substrate is not heated to high level temperatures but stays rather at ambient or moderate T 200 °C - the trends in reactivity, but particularly etch-rate versus burn rate may be indicative of the trend of similar processes occurring in combustion of Si-based fluorocarbon pyrolants. 

Table 6.1 PIR-onset and steady-state combustion onset temperatures for selected metal/fluorocarbon pyrolants.

S.B. (1997) Thermal analysis studies on the boron-potassium perchlorate-nitrocellulose pyrotechnic system. J. Therm. Anal., 49, 1327. Kuwahara, T., Matsuo, S. and Shinozaki, N. (1997) Combustion and sensitivity characteristics of Mg/Tf pyrolants. Propellants Explos. Pyrt ech., 22, 198. Koch, E.-C. (2005) Metal/fluorocarbon pyrolants VI. combustion behaviour and radiation properties of mag-nesium/poly(carbon monofluoride). Propellants Explos. Pyrt ech., 30, 209. Koch, E.-C. (2010) Metal halocarbon combustion, in Handbook of Combustion, New Technologies, Vol. 5 (eds M. Lackner, F. Winter and A.K. Agarwal), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp. 355-402. 

Combustion of Metal-Fluorocarbon Pyrolants with Fuels Other than Magnesium I 97... 

Unlike hydrocarbon combustion flames that are dominated by emissions from C(s), CO, CO2, OH and H2O [2, 3], the combustion flames from metal/fluorocarbon pyrolants show distinct differences because of the absence of oxygen from the primary reaction zone involving solely fluorine, metal and carbon. 

The most abundant species in metal fluorocarbon pyrolant flames in both UV-VlS range and their maximum wavelength are given in Table 9.1 (4, 8]. 

The NIR spectral range of metal fluorocarbon pyrolant combustion flames is mainly a continuum due to hot carbon particle emission. Thus, the shape and slope of the curve can be exploited to determine the combustion temperature by curve fitting... 

Koch, E.-C., Weiser, V., Roth, E. and Muller, D. (2006) UV-VIS spectroscopic investigation of magne-sium/fluorocarbon pyrolants. 33rd International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Port Collins CO, July 16-21, p. 763. 

Koch, E.-C. (2009) Metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants IX. Burn rate and radiometric performance of Magne-sium/Teflon/Viton (MTV) modified with zirconium. J. Pyrotech., 28, 16. 

Koch, E.-C. (2005) Metal fluorocarbon pyrolants VI. Combustion behaviour and radiation properties of Mag-nesium/Poly(carbon Monofluoride)... 

H., Lux, K. and Scheutzow, S. (2011) Metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants XIII. Calciumsalze der 5-perfluoroalkylierten Tetrazolate-Synthese, Charakterisierung und Leistungsbewertung als Oxidation-smittel in ternaren Mischungen mit Magnesium und Viton . Z. Natur-forsch. B, 66b, 378-368. 

The use of metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants in obscurant formulations may fulfil two purposes. The basic reaction yields carbonaceous material and metal fluorides. 

As discussed in Chapter 1 (Introduction to Pyrolants), metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants possess the highest volumetric combustion enthalpies among energetic materials. In addition, the combustion speed of metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants can be easily adjusted as well. Thus, these materials may be applied in situ as a heat source to volatilise or decompose other materials to generate aerosols. 

Metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants are highly effective infrared emitters. Besides the exploitation of this effect for both decoy flare and igniter applications, it can also be used for destructive purposes. Thus, metal/fluorocarbon-based energetics finds use in incendiaries, document destruction devices, agent defeat payloads and reactive... 

Metal/fluorocarbon pyrolants, though inherently rich in condensed reactions products with some metals, have been proposed as modifiers for perchlorate-based propellant compositions. This serves primarily to increase the density and thus the density-related impulse [26]. As both boron and silicon give gaseous fluorides at ambient temperature and pressure, these are ideal target reaction products,... 

The thermal tests (except for Koenen test) for three metal-fluorocarbon pyrolants are listed in Table 19.3. 

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