Fluorinated compounds chemical synthesis

M. Schlosser, in V.A. Soloshonok(Ed.), The Chemical and Physiological Size of Fluorine in Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Fluoro-Organic Compounds, John Wiley Sons Ltd., Chichester, 1999, pp. 613-659. 

Most other simple compounds whose history has been examined have been those of obvious industrial interest. Thus, fluorinated compounds have been discussed, especially the now controversial chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).80 Another aliphatic chemical that has received exhaustive historical treatment, chiefly in the context of its industrial use, is lactic acid.81 The development of urea as a fertilizer has been studied,82 and a history provided of the synthesis of methanol.83... 

The industrial routes to the synthesis of aromatic fluorine compounds, in which fluorine is directly bonded to an aromatic ring carbon, have been previously reviewed [136], In contrast to the synthesis of aromatic chlorine and bromine compounds, aromatic fluorine-containing molecules require the use of specialized chemical equipment and additional safety precautions. The reason for these measures is the toxicity and corrosive nature of fluorine reagents. 

Conversely, numerous applications of a-scission reactions have been oriented towards the synthesis of fluorinated compounds [54]. As an example, the photo-chemically induced homolysis of the thio- and selenoesters of triflic acid has been... 

Ihe diverse chemical, biological, and industrial applications of the numerous synthetic carbon-fluorine compounds are almost legendary. In 1944, Marais identified fluoroacetate in the leaves of the South African shrub Dichapetalum cymosum since then chemists and biologists continue to be intrigued by the natural occurrence, synthesis, and properties of the C-F bond. 

Because fluorine-containing compounds possess unique characteristics, their preparation has drawn significant attention from chemists, especially in the field of fine-chemical synthesis. A variety of methods have been developed for the construction of these fluorinated molecules, and some of these routes are described in recent review articles. In this section, a very rare electronically promoted Payne rearrangement is discussed for unique substrates having a CF3 group directly connected to the epojq alcohol framework. 

High-purity grades of trichloroethylene are used as a feedstock in the synthesis of the refrigerant hydrofluorocarbon 134a. In this process, the trichloroethylene molecule is destroyed to form the new fluorinated compound. It also is used in the production of such chlorinated end products as polychlorinated aliphatics and flame-retardant chemicals. In polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacture, trichloroethylene is used as a molecular weight control agent. 

A history of monofluorophosphates has been reported by Peter Meiers (Meiers, 2014). Inorganic fluorophosphates (sodium monofluorophosphate) and organic aryl or alkyl substitutes were researched, and patents of methods of synthesis for substances intended for insecticides, warfare chemicals, and fluorophosphoric acid were filed. They are also associated with fluorine compounds for dental protection. 

Nakajima, T., "Fluorine-Graphite Intercalation Compounds. Their Synthesis, Structures, and Physical and Chemical Properties," Tanso, 1990,145,295. 

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