Fluorescence intercalator

For complex samples containing several different DNAs, multiplex PCR has been carried out. For instance, on-chip multiplex PCR was achieved on four DNAs representing regions in the bacteriophage A.DNA (199 and 500 bp), Escherichia coli genomic DNA (346 bp), and E. coli plasmid DNA (410 bp). After PCR, the fluorescent intercalating dye (TO-PRO) was added to the PCR reservoir, and CGE separation was performed downstream [929]. 

Zhu H, Clark SM, Benson SC, Rye HS, Glazer AN (1994) High-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis of double-stranded DNA fragments using monomeric and dimeric fluorescent intercalating dyes. Anal Chem 66 1941-1948. 

Ultraviolet light is routinely used for detection however, laser-induced fluorescence of labeled DNA offers better results. For example, a PCR-amplifled DNA fragment comprised of 120-400 base pairs can be separated with a resolution up to four base pairs using 1% hydroxyethylcellulose and DB-17 capillary (60 cm effective length X 0.1 mm inner diameter with 0.1 jum phase thickness). Laser-induced fluorescence detection can yield a sensitivity of about 500 pg/mL of DNA (after staining with fluorescent intercalating dye YO-PRO-1) [14]. 

A fluorescent intercalator displacement assay for establishing DNA-binding selectivity and affinity 04ACR61. 

DNA accessibility can be determined by how well the DNA binds fluorescent intercalating dyes. TO-PRO-1 is a cyanine dye that fluoresces only when bound to nucleic acid (82). It is more sensitive for fluorescence detection than ethidium bromide and binds stably to the DNA. The relative degree of protection of the DNA can be quantified. 

The samples are first amplified and the resultant native, unlabeled PCR products are quantified using CGE or microfluidic CGE with fluorescent intercalating dyes to determine input levels and... 

Avalanche photodiode Band-pass filters 20 X 80 Electrokinetic PMMA Near-IR dye NN382 fluorescence intercalating dye TOPRO-5 1.4 X 10- moles Capillary electrophoresis... 

Various biological molecules, including peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, generate vast chemical diversity that can be used as hosts in competition assays. One weU-known protocol is the fluorescent intercalator displacement assay for targeting nucleic acids binding properties of small molecules and proteins, pioneered by... 

Figure 2. Schematic of the common DNA interaction modes and the chemical structure of fluorescent intercalating dye, TP3,...

Erikson, G. H. Daksis, J. I. Fluorescent intensity assay for triplex and quadruplex nucleic acid hybridization in solution utilizing fluorescent intercalating dyes for detection of target nucleic acids. U.S. Patent 6911536, 2005 Chem. Abstr. 

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