Fluorescence history

Individual samples generate different and individual fluorescence histories in kinetic RT-PCR. The shapes... 

Chemical analysis of the metal can serve various purposes. For the determination of the metal-alloy composition, a variety of techniques has been used. In the past, wet-chemical analysis was often employed, but the significant size of the sample needed was a primary drawback. Nondestmctive, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry is often used when no high precision is needed. However, this technique only allows a surface analysis, and significant surface phenomena such as preferential enrichments and depletions, which often occur in objects having a burial history, can cause serious errors. For more precise quantitative analyses samples have to be removed from below the surface to be analyzed by means of atomic absorption (82), spectrographic techniques (78,83), etc. 

FTA Fluorescent treponemal antibody HPI History of present illness... 

The first lecture given by Tomas Hokfelt, who pioneered anatomical studies based on amine fluorescence, was entitled, Neuroanatomy for the Neurochemist while the second lecture given by Louis Sokoloff, who invented the methodology of functional brain imaging originally based on metabolism of radionuclide labeled-2-deoxyglucose, was entitled Neurochemistry for the Neuroanatomist . The history and further information... 

The following argument was used first by E. Y. Schweidler in 1905 to describe radioactive decay but it applies to all similar kinetic processes. The fundamental assumption is that the probability p of an event occurring over a time interval dt is independent of past history of a molecule it depends only on the length of time represented by dt and for sufficiently short intervals is just proportional to dL Thus, p — kdt where k is a constant of proportionality characteristic of the process being awaited. In fluorescence decay it is characteristic of the kind of molecule in chemical terms. 

It is worth giving a brief account of the early stages in the history of fluorescence and phosphorescence (Table 1.2), paying special attention to the origin of these terms. 

In addition to this clarification, many other major events in the history of fluorescence occurred during the first half of the twentieth century. The most important are reported in Table 1.3, together with the names of the associated scientists. It is remarkable that the period 1918-35 (i.e. less than 20 years) was exceptionally fecund for the understanding of the major experimental and theoretical aspects of fluorescence and phosphorescence. 

Tab. 1.3. Milestones in the history of fluorescence and phosphorescence during the first half of the twentieth century3 ...

Chapter 1 is an introduction to the field of molecular fluorescence, starting with a short history of fluorescence. In Chapter 2, the various aspects of light absorption (electronic transitions, UV-visible spectrophotometry) are reviewed. 

Long-lived luminescence from protein-containing materials was reported many years ago. Debye and Edwards reported that a bluish light was emitted from proteins at cryogenic temperatures after illumination/11 Work in the 1950s established the relationship between fluorescence and the long-lived phosphorescence for the aromatic amino acids in proteins/2-41 Konev in his classic work Fluorescence and Phosphorescence of Proteins and Nucleic Acids summarized this early history.1(5)... 

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