Flueggea virosa

Flueggea virosa Willd Voight Euphorbiaceae trop S. Afr, trap subtrop Asi, Ausr Mas roots epilepsy decoction 33... 

P. simplex (37) P. niruri (38, 47) Zygogynum pauciflorum (43) Flueggea leucopyra (26) Flueggea virosa (39, 36) Flueggea virosa (39)... 

Flueggea virosa (51) Flueggea virosa (51) Flueggea virosa (52) Flueggea virosa (52) Z3 0 CP... 

More recently, two additional neosecurinane alkaloids, virosine A (22) and B (23), were isolated from Flueggea virosa by Ye. The case of virosine A (22) is intriguing. Indeed, the proposed stmcture for virosine A (22) referred to securinol B but after careful analysis it is evident that the reported data for these compounds are different ( H NMR shifts and [a]o values). Moreover, these compounds were isolated from plants known for producing enantiomers, thus the probability to extract the same enantiomer from these sources is almost impossible. Besides, the proposed structure for virosine A (22) was supported by detailed 2D NMR and CD analysis, whereas the revised structure stipulated for securinol B was extrapolated from the revised structure of securinol A (21), which was secured by X-ray crystallography. In conclusion, from the actual data, one can propose that the structure of virosine A corresponds to that depicted above, in other terms virosine A (22) is the C8-epimer of securinol A (21). Concerning securinol B, additional studies are needed to establish its structure. 

Norsecurinine (27) was first isolated in 1963 from a Securinega virosa BaiU. (= Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex WiUd.) Royle) species collected in... 

Epoxynorsecurinine (29) was isolated along with (—)-norsecu-rinine (27) from the barks of Flueggea virosa collected in South Africa. On the basis of the mass spectra (molecular peak at m/z 219), the formula... 

Recently, Flueggea virosa was also shown to produce bubbialidine. ... 

In the recent years, phytochemical studies on Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex WiUd.) Royle have revealed unusual oligomeric structures consisting of an assembly of a 14,15-dihydronorsecurinine unit to a norsecurinine unit. In most cases, position Cl 5 on the dihydronorsecurinine block is the binding site, whereas the norsecurinine unit can be linked at positions C12, C14, or CIS. This gives rise to structural diversity and to date 11 compounds have been characterized. 

It is worth to mention that the tendency of norsecurinine (27) to polymerize has been weU-known since its isolation but the resulting polymers were not identified. Improvement of the extractive and analytical techniques over the past decades enabled the isolation and the identification of limited norsecurinine-derived polymers from natural sources. However, to date, such alkaloids have only been isolated from Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex WiUd.) Royle species. This particular occurrence may be subject to chemotaxonomy speculations. 

Magaji et al. showed in 2008 that the cmde methanol root-bark extract of Flueggea virosa possessed antidopaminergic activity. More recently, the extract of the same plant was evaluated on two murine experimental models, apomorphine-induced stereotypic climbing behavior and swim-induced... 

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