Heterogeneous flows

Mandoli, A. and Orlandi, S. and Pini, D. and Salvador , P. (2004). Insoluble polystyrene-bound bis(oxazoline) batch and continuous-flow heterogeneous enantioselective glyoxylate-ene reaction. Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 15, 3233-3244. 

Thus, we see that in a single image acquisition, the line excitation SEMI-RARE method allows an evaluation of the extent of flow heterogeneity (up- and downflow) within the monolith. Furthermore, velocities in completely liquid field channels can be measured. This was not possible when SEMI-RARE was used because velocities were measured by following a gas-liquid interface. However, a limitation of the line excitation SEMI-RARE technique is that there needs to be a significant amount of liquid present within the monolith, because the gas phase is not imaged only liquid captured in the initial line excitation can be followed. 

VanBeek, J., Roger, S., and Bassingthwaighte, J., Regional myocardial flow heterogeneity explained with fractal networks, American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 257, No. 5(2), 1989, pp. H1670-1680. 

Glenny, R. and Robertson, H., Fractal modeling of pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity, Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 70, No. 3, 1991, pp.1024-1030. 

Vicini, P., Bonadonna, R., Lehtovirta, M., Groop, L., and Cobelli, C., Estimation of blood flow heterogeneity in human skeletal muscle using intravascular tracer data Importance for modeling transcapillary exchange, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 26, 1998, pp. 764-774. 

Methods for the determination of the frictional pressure drop usually start with simple models. For the most part, either homogeneous flow (homogeneous distribution of the phases s — 1) or heterogeneous flow (heterogeneous distribution of the phases, s > 1) are presumed. Less common are methods based upon specific flow patterns and are only applicable if this flow pattern is present. 

Ostergaard, L., et al.. Modeling cerebral blood flow and flow heterogeneity from magnetic resonance residue data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1999. 19(6) p. 690-9. 

The dynamic responses of the blood flow to hyperthermia in normal tissue and tumors are even more diversified than the blood flow heterogeneity. It is a well-known fact that heat induces a prompt... 

There is substantial temporal flow heterogeneity on a microscopic level within human tumors as shown by multichannel laser Doppler flowmetry (Hill et al. 1996 Pigott et al. 1996). 

The influences of flow heterogeneity on parameter estimation and on the distribution of deposition densities in the tissue... 

This book introduces classes of steady-state solutions that the interested reader can extend and generalize. They are particularly meaningful to reservoirs that produce under near-steady conditions at high rates, typical of many oil fields outside the United States. The solutions are useful in studies related to flow heterogeneities, hydraulic fractures, nonlinear gas flows, horizontal drilling, infill drilling, and formation evaluation. The analytical techniques used are described in detail, applied to nontrivial flow problems, and extensions are outlined in the Problems and Exercises sections at the end of each chapter. 

A successful application of the plug-flow heterogeneous model has been reported by Cappelli and coworkers (1972). Their simulation results show excellent agreement between the model predictions and the data that they obtained from a nonadiabatic industrial reactor for the synthesis of methanol from CO and Hj. The work by Dumez and Froment (1976) is another example of the application of the plug-flow heterogeneous model to an industrial reactor. 

This section illustrates the application of a dynamic plug-flow heterogeneous onedimensional TBR model to obtain kinetic data from bench-scale experiments and their subsequent use to predict the unsteady state behavior of an industrial HDT reactor. Gas oil derived from heavy crude oil was chosen as feed to exemplify the... 

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