Flow diagram of the polypropylene horizontal reactor gas phase process

The emission and consumption data shown in Table 3. 9 represent the emission and consumption levels from 27 plants that reported their data. The average age of these plants is 25 years and their average capacity in 1999 was 166 kt per year. 

The data for VOC emissions contain point sources as well as fugitive emissions which are calculated according to US EPA-21 method [48, EPA, 1989], Other calculation standards, like from VDI, will lead to different results, and are therefore not comparable. 

LDPE benchmark 1999 European average Average top 50 % Average 3rd quartile Average 4th quartile 

Because of the high concentration of vinylacetate (VA) required in the process gas to produce the required products, the EVA copolymers are of particular interest for the emissions to the air. 

The EVA copolymers are generally produced in high pressure lines of smaller capacities, typically between about 20 - 100 kilotonnes per year, to supply the more fragmented and smaller market sizes compared to the LDPE homopolymers. 

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Figure 3.17 Flow diagram of the polypropylene horizontal reactor gas phase process [IS, Ullmann, 2001]...

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