Flavonoids extraction

HT receptor Quercetin Puerarin Scutellaria lateriflora flavonoids extract Xenopus laevis oocytes Rat cerebral cortex CHO cells Inhibition Inhibition Inhibition Lee et ah, 2005 Overstreet et ah, 2003 Gafner et ah, 2003... 

The fruits of pomegranate (Punica granatum, L. Punicaceae) are popular in the East and far East countries. The dried pericarp has been utilized in folk medicine for colic, colitis, diarrhea, dysentery, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, oxyuriasis, paralysis and rectocele. The flavonoid extract from cold pressed seed oil showed 31-44% inhibition of sheep COX-1 enzyme and 69-81% inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase [181]. 

Other classical methods for the fractionation and purification of flavonoid extracts are filtrations through different Sephadex gels, that separate by a combination of adsorption, partition, and size exclusion using organic solvents (Sephadex LH-20) or aqueous solvents... 

Sample matrix Flavonoids Extraction conditions Procedure Reference... 

Nevertheless, the proposed protocols do not simulate flavonoid extraction during the maceration and fermentation process, as they do not reproduce the effect of gradual alcohol accumulation, temperature increase and duration of the maceration phase. 

A. millefolium contains sesquiterpene lactones, polyacetylenes, coumarins, and flavonoids. Extracts have often been used in cosmetics in concentrations of 0.5-10%. A. millefolium was weakly genotoxic in Drosophila mela-nogaster. In provocative testing, patients reacted to a mix of Compositae that contained yarrow, as well as to yarrow itself. In clinical use, a formulation containing a 0.1% extract was not a sensitizer and alcoholic extracts of the dried leaves and stalks of the flower were not phototoxic (6). However, positive patch tests to A. millefolium have been reported (7). 

The on-flow experiment was carried out on a mixture of eight flavonoids (Fig. 2) (20 pg each). MS and NMR data were obtained during this on-flow experiment. The UV chromatogram is depicted in Fig. 3. Table 1 and Fig. 4 show the pseudo-molecular ion information, where M is the molecular weight with all the hydroxyl protons deuterated, in negative mode, for the eight flavonoids obtained in this on-flow experiment. Fig. 5 is the 2-D data set (time vs. chemical shift) where each NMR spectrum was acquired for 16 scans and decreasing the delays (total time per spectrum of 20 s). Fig. 6 depicts the NMR traces of each flavonoid extracted from the 2-D data set. It is notable that catechin... 

Flavonoid extracts often contain phenol carboxylic acids (e.g. caffeic acid, chlorogenie acids) and coiinrarin.s (e.g, scopoletiii), which form blue fluorescent zones. 

In the case of fresh spinach, boiling extracted 48% of the flavonoids, which were recovered in the cooking water. The remaining 52% was found in the cooked spinach. When frozen spinach was boiled, the percentage of flavonoids extracted in the boiling water reached 75% (Tomas-Barberan et al, unpublished results). 

Sartelet, H. et al., Flavonoids extracted from Fonio millet (Digitaria exilis) reveal potent antithyroid... 

Extraction of flavonoids was estimated by previous study with slight modifications (Zoggel H et al., 2012). Firstly, buckwheat seeds were washed in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution and then immersed in deionized water for 10 h. Secondly, germinated seeds were huUed and freezed drying under —20 °C. Finally, these freeze-dry seeds were crushed into powder to dissolve in 70% ethanol for further flavonoids extraction. 

Flavonoids extracting solution was mixed with 3 g CMSP to get full reaction and then centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min to acquire supernatant. 

A commercial name hypatin of total flavonoid extract from Hypericum patulum Thunb. ex Murray had the hepatoprotective effect, antioxidant and the inhibitory effect against the progression of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis induced by intravenous injection and subcutaneous administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) for prolonged period in mice. 

Rattanachaikunsopon P, Phumkhachom P (2010) Contents and antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from leaves of Psidium guajava. J Med Plants Res 4 393-396... 

Victorio CP, Lage CLS, Kuster RM (2009) Flavonoid extraction from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith leaves using different techniques and solvents. Eclet Quim 34(1) 19-24... 

Yang L, Cao YL, Jiang JG, Lin QS, Chen J, Zhu L (2010) Response surface optimization of ultrasound-assisted flavonoids extraction from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. J Sep Sci 33(9) 1349-1355... 

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