Flavones luteolin

The chemical formulae for a variety of plant phenols are given in Fig. 16.2, including examples of simpler phenols, such as cinnamic acid derivative, and of tocopherols, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides and anthocyanidins. The flavonoids include the following subclasses flavanones (taxifolin), flavones (luteolin), flavonols (quercetin) and flavanols (catechin/epicatechin). The... 

N. R. Peters, J. W. Frost, and S. R. Long, A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizohium nteliloti nodulation genes. Science 233 911 (1986). 

FIGURE 2.7 CP/MAS NMR spectra of the flavonol kaempferol (top) and the flavone luteolin (bottom). (Reprinted from Wawer, I. and Zielinska, A., Magn. Reson. Chem., 39, 374, 2001. Copyright 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. With permission.)... 

Green chilli pepper is one of the few vegetables to contain both flavonols (quercetin, 11.39 mg/100 g) and flavones (luteolin, 2.7 mg/100 g) at detectable levels. Celery and sweet ball peppers are the main food sources of flavones independent of flavonols. 

Caetano-Anolles, G., Christ-Estes, D.K., and Bauer, W.D., Chemotaxis of Rhizobium meliloti to the plant flavone luteolin requires functional nodulation genes, J. Bacteriol, 170, 3164, 1988. 

Flavones Luteolin C. Clementina, C. tangerina C. sinensis, C. tangerine, C. limon ... 

The biosynthetic pathway leading to maysin starts with flavanone (6.18), which is hydroxylated by flavone 3 hydroxylase to yield di-hydroxyl flavanone (6.19) and is the reduced by flavone synthase to the flavone luteolin (6.20). The next steps were recently investigated in more detail by McMullen et al. (2004) using two salmon silk mutants, sml (Anderson, 1921) and a newly discovered mutant sm2. These mutants have salmon colored silks instead of green silks as a result of pigment accumulation throughout the shaft of the silks, as opposed to only in the silk hairs, but do require a functional PI gene in order for the mutant phenotype to be apparent (see also Chapter 3, Section 9.2). 

Some bioactive flavones include aldose reductase inhibitors (apigenin 4 -methyl ether (acacetin), apigenin 7-0-apioside (apiin), 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) and luteolin) antiinflammatory 5-LOX inhibitors (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (baicalein), 5,6,3, 4 -tetrahydroxy 7-methoxyflavone (pedalitin), 5,3, 4 -trihydroxy 6,7-dimethoxyflavone (cirsiliol, 6-0-methylpedalitin) and flavone) a COX inhibitor (flavone) iodothyronine deiodinase inhibitors (acacetin, chrysin and luteolin) a NADH and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (luteolin) millet-derived, goitrogenic inhibitors of thyroid peroxidase (flavone C-glycosides orientin and vitexin) and protein kinase inhibitors (acacetin, apigenin, baicalein, flavone, luteolin, 5,7,3, 4, 5 -pentahydroxyflavone (tricetin) and tricetin 3, 4, 5 -trimethyl ether). 

Lavandula pedunculate subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco.Thc essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculate subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal contain camphor (40.6 %) and fenchone (38.0 %), with hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, S-O-caffeoylquinic, and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts. Rosmarinic acid is the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculate polar extracts acts as free-radical scavengers, Fe2+ chelators, and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, and the essential oil is an active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [258]. 

In addition, the phenolic acid derivatives include chlorogenic acid, caffeoylglucose and verbascoside. The flavonol rutin and the flavones luteolin 7-glucoside and apigenin 7-glucoside have also been reported. 

Phytochemistry The aboveground parts have essential oils. The roots contain tannins, carbohydrates, and saponins. 0.08 % total alkaloids were obtained from the extracts of tops of plants collected at the Usturt Plateau during budding stage and vasicinone was isolated (Yunusov 1981). The roots and aboveground parts contain polysaccharides (Arifkhodzhaev et al. 1985 Arifkhodzhaev and Rakhimov 1986, 1993) as well as the flavones luteolin 7-glucoside and 7-rutinoside (Omurkamzinova et al. 1991). 

Verheek R, Plomp AC, van Tol EA, van Noort JM (2004) The flavones luteolin and apigenin inhibit in vitro antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma production by murine and human autoimmune T cells. Biochem Pharmacol 68(4) 621-629. doi 10.1016/J.bcp. 2004.05.012, S000629520400320X [pii]... 

Ferret, X., Staehelin, C., William, J.B. (2000) Molecular basis of symbiotic promiscuity. Microbiol Mol Biol R. 64, 180-201 Persson, J. and Nasholm, T. (2001) Amino acid uptake a widespread ability among boreal forest plants. Ecol Lett. 4,434-438 Peters, N.K., Frost, J.W. and Long, S.R. (1986) A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes. Science 233,977-980... 

Flavonoid Flavones ° Luteolin From Reseda Weld ... 

The olive tree (Olea europa) has been cultivated for thousands of years. The oil is the most important constituent, but olives also contain phenolics, including vanillic acid, ferulic acid, the flavones luteolin and apigenin together with substantial amounts of the glucos-ide, oleuropein (Figure 7.35), which is bitter and is commonly neutralized by treatment with caustic soda before the olives can be eaten. Olives contain up to 40% oil of which, typically, three quarters is a monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (CIS 1), 14% saturated fatty acid (mainly palmitic acid, C16 0) and 9% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ohve oil is... 

Trihydroxy-7-methoxy-flavone (Luteolin 7-methyl ether) Notholaena californica D.C. Eaton (white farina) 122 ... 

L)ihydroxy-7,4 -dimethoxy-flavone (Luteolin 7,4 -dimethyl ether = Pilloin) Notholaena fendleri Kze. C17H14O6 124 ... 

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