Flare pulsing

A major cause of pulsing in flare systems is flow surging in the water seal drum. One of several reasons why it is important to eliminate pulsing is to reduce flare noise. Combustion flare noise has been shown to increase as the steam rate increases. Since the amount of steam required to suppress smoke in a flare is set by the flaring rate, flow surges will require a higher steam rate than for a steady flow. 

Ion detection can be perfomed by a variety of methods, but the commonest by far is the channel electroi multiplier shown in Fig. 5.8. This consists of a curved glass tube of approximately 1 mm internal diamei with an inner resistive coating and a flared end. The multiplier can be operated in one of two modes. In tl pulse couuting mode — the most sensitive mode... 

Chuan Lian Zi is very bitter and cold. It can intensively drain the Liver-fire and direct the Liver-Qi downwards. It is selected in formulas for treating syndromes where Liver-fire flares up and Liver-Qi movement is disturbed. The disorder is manifested as irritability, distension in the hypochondria, insomnia, quick temper, red eyes, headache, red tongue with a yellow coating and a forceful, wiry and rapid pulse. Because Chuan Lian Zi is very bitter and cold, it easily injures the Stomach. This herb should not be used for a long period of time or in large dosage, because it is a toxic herb. Overdose may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea and arrhythmia. 

Mrs D has recently been admitted with an episode of acute severe ulcerative colitis. This is her third flare this year. This time she has a 5-day history of bloody diarrhoea with abdominal pain. On average she is opening her bowels seven times a day. She is currently taking mesalazine 800 mg three times daily and prednisolone 20 mg daily. Mrs D also has an elevated temperature of 38°C and a pulse rate of 92 bpm. She is due to have an abdominal X-ray and a stool culture. 

Safety assessments in travoprost studies have included evaluation of visual acuity, pupil diameter, iris color, anterior chamber flare, conjunctival hyperemia, pulse, blood pressure, blood chemistry profiles, and urinalysis values. The observed adverse events have generally been mild to moderate and have resolved without treatment. Most of the side effects seen with latanoprost can occur with travoprost treatment. Conjunctival hyperemia induced by travoprost is clinically insignificant but generally more than that observed with latanoprost. 

Use corticosteroid intra-articular therapy or pulse therapy for disease flares... 

Noise (see Chapter 8) is an important emission from a flare that must be adequately controlled to protect personnel in the vicinity of a flare event [47]. To study the effects of noise from flares, a sophisticated sound measurement system was designed for the flare test facility. It consists of state-of-the-art Briiel Kjeer technology and is powered by the latest Pulse Platform. This measurement system (see the photo in Figure 28.14) consists of five stages. 

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