Polystyrene flame retardancy

Figure 6.17 Temperature-resolved in-source pyrolysis FTICR-MS of flame-retarded polystyrene (56 spectra with a sampling interval of 1.1 s) from 300 K to 1200K. After Heeren and Boon [224], Reprinted from International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 157/158, R.M.A. Heeren and J.J. Boon, 391-403, Copyright (1996), with permission from Elsevier...

Table VII. ( 0.1./%Br) of Various Bromine Compounds in Flame Retarding Polystyrene...

Price, D., Cunliffe, L. K., Bullett, K. J., Hull, T. R., Milnes, G. J., Ebdon, J. R., Hunt, B. J., and Joseph, R, Thermal behaviour of covalently bonded phosphate and phosphonate flame retardant polystyrene systems, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2007, 92, 1101-1114. 

C. Nyambo, E. Kandare, D. Wang, and C.A. Wilkie, Flame retarded polystyrene Investigating chemical interactions between ammonium polyphosphate and MgAl double hydroxide, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2008, 93 1656-1663. 

Flame-retardant polystyrene is used primarily in expanded foam for building insulation. Rubber-modified styrenic polymers are flame retarded for use in a number of applications, such as enclosures for electronics and business equipment. By far the largest volume flame-retardant HIPS application is television enclosures (Figure 29.1) these are made primarily from flame-retardant HIPS [3]. Flame-retardant HIPS has an attractive balance of mechanical properties, processability and cost. Flame-retardant styrenic blends such as HIPS-PPO and PC-ABS also find utility in a number of electrical applications such as printers, computers and monitors. These blends have received increasing attention recently because of their ability to be flame retarded with nonhalogen flame retardants (see Section 7). 

Incorporating halogens either as additives or as part of the polymer is the most common technique of flame retarding polystyrene. Preferably, the halogen should be part of the polymeric chain because the halogenated additives tend to be noncompatible and can cause several other side effects. 

Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate Tribromophenyl allyl ether flame retardant, polystyrene foams Pentabromochlorocyclohexane flame retardant, potting compounds Brominated neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether flame retardant, PP... 

Another series of experiment was devoted to the selection of the most favourable construction of the least incendiary flame-retarded polystyrene foam with respect to fire protection. Sprayed asbestos wool, mortar, aluminium sheet, asbestos slate, and fibreboard were used as outer covers. 5 dm of gasoline was ignited successively in iron trays of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 m then an additional 10 dm in the last tray. 

In contrast, isocyanurate-based foams form a charcoal-like protecting layer which is heat resistent up to extremely high temperatures (Fig. 3.156). A flame-retardant polystyrene foam had completely disappeared between aluminium sheets after the first ignition. 

Frimp, Flame-retardant polystyrene. Federal Plastics... 

Table 8.9 gives the cone data for flame retardant polystyrene nanocomposites (PS/OLP-clay) prepared using clay modified with an oligomeric phosphate ammonium salt (OLP) containing both ammonium salt and phosphate-pendant groups placed randomly along the polymer backbone. The HRR data for the... 

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