Flame propagation along

The first literature concerning the flame propagation along a vortex core can be found in the journal Fuel in 1953. In Letters to the Editors, Moore and Martin [1] reported that when a combustible mixture was ejected... 

Ishizuka, S., Flame propagation along a vortex axis. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 28, 477-542,2002. 

Atobiloye, R. Z. and Britter, R. E., On flame propagation along vortex tubes, Combustion and Flame, 98, 220-230, 1994. 

Ashurst, Wm. T., Flame propagation along a vortex The baroclinic push, Combustion Science and Technology, 112, 175-185,1996. 

Hasegawa, T. and Nishikado, K., Effect of density ratio on flame propagation along a vortex tube. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 26, 291-297, 1996. 

In Chapter 4.2, S. Ishizuka presents his recent experimental and theoretical results on flame propagation along a vortex core. The validity of the existing models linking flame speed, vortex parameters, and mixture properties is discussed in the light of experimental results. 

Prahl, J.M., and Tien, J.S. (1973) Preliminary Investigations of Forced Convection on Flame Propagation along Paper and Matchstick Arrays, Combustion Science and Technology Vol. 7, 271-282,... 

Vogel, M. and Williams, F.A. (1970) Flame Propagation Along Matchstick Arrays, Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 1, 429 136. 

Figure 3.19 presents some recorded data from the photodiodes PhDl-PhD4 response to the flame propagation along the EC. The time t is counted from the moment of ignition in all experiments it is = 43 ms following the membrane burst. 

Stretch rate as a function of distance, from the top leading point along the flame front, (a) for a lean limit methane flame and (b) lean limit propane flame propagating upward in a standard cylindrical tube. 

Flame Propagation in Vortices Propagation Velocity along a Vortex Core.45... 

The above flame retardants, HMPN and TMP, along with another commercially available alkyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate (TEP), were systematically characterized by Xu et al. To quantify the flammability of the electrolytes so that the effectiveness of these flame retardants could be compared on a more reliable basis, these authors modified a standard test UL 94 HB, intended for solid polymer samples, and measured the self-extinguishing time (SET) instead of the universally used flame propagation rate. Compared with the UL 94 HB, this new quantity is more appropriate for the evaluation of the electrolytes of low flammability, since the electrolytes that are determined to be retarded or nonflammable by this method all showed zero flame propa-... 

In configuration (4) a turbulent premixed flame is stabilized at the exit of a tube by a pressure gradient along the direction of mean flame propagation, induced by transverse swirl, but again the turbulence is inhomogeneous and there is appreciable mean flow. 

The ensuing flame propagation, being unstable, continually accelerates along the tube, and with sufficient tube length, produces a detonation. Such an exptl procedure affords few controls, and the flexibility of such a system is quite limited. However the so-called "shock tube possesses all the desirable qualities that are needed for a detailed study of detonative processes (Ref 8, pp 1 2)... 

According to Blackwood and Bowden [11] a single grain of blackpowder burns with a rate of 0.4 cm/sec at atmospheric pressure. The flame is propagated along the line of grains at a rate of 60 cm/sec at atmospheric pressure. 

Travelling wavefronts, are familiar in non-isothermal gas-phase systems, as flames. Once established, these generally propagate along a tube into a stationary reactant mixture at a steady velocity or can be stabilized on-a burner,... 

In the one-dimensional theory of NM we can imagine only a flat flame front the temperature varies only as a function of the coordinate along which the flame propagates, and the direction of the temperature gradient coincides with the direction of propagation. The gradient is small, as is the surface through which heat is transferred (it is equal to the tube cross-section). 

Besides the equilibrium radiation considered in this article, the concentration limits can also be affected by chemiluminescence which arises if, in the combustion, chemical compounds form with a non-equilibrium energy distribution along the degrees of freedom of molecules or an atom. The chemiluminescence itself cannot lead to the appearance of a flame propagation limit if only one specific energy fraction is emitted. However, forced luminescence in an optical resonator (in combustion lasers) can lead to quenching of the flame. 

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