Flame geometry

Hasemi, Y. and Tokunaga, T., Flame geometry effects on the buoyant plumes from turbulent diffusion flames, Combust. Sci. Technol., 1984, 40, 1-17. 

The effect of wind and tilt on flame geometry has been addressed in the SPFE Handbook (Beyler, 2002). The angle of tilt can be determined from the following equation and used to calculate the vertical and horizontal components of the flame length (see Figure 5-7) ... 

The theoretical analysis of extinction of the diffusion flame of combustible liquids with flat flame geometry which may be established with the OFDF apparatus was extended to polymer flames of similar geometry Heat losses by radiation from... 

The theoretical analysis of extinction of the diffusion flame of combustible liquids with flat flame geometry which may be established with the OFDF apparatus 97> was extended to polymer flames of similar geometry 98). Heat losses by radiation from the polymer surface were taken into account in estimates of the flame temperature at the extinction limit. The kinetic parameters of the gas-phase reaction (Eg, kJ/mol and kg, cm3 mol-1 s 1) have been determined at Yox = 0.16 — 0.20 for PMMA, POM, PE and PS, respectively 167.2 and 1.2xl016 183.9 and 2.6xl016 167.2 and 2.2 x 1015 234.0 and 1.7 x 1017. From a comparison with other data it follows that, as Yox increases, the effective energy of the gas-phase reaction decreases. 

Measurement of fhe crossflow flame geometry is necessary to the understanding of fhe extent of flare dispersion, radiative heaf fransfer to fhe surroundings, and... 

Primary air is usually defined by a percentage of the stoichiometric air calculated for the total amount of fuel. In the case of PF, it provides a transport air stream that can or can not be considered in the total amount of primary air. Since the very hot secondary air has to be entrained into the fuel-primary air jet, it can have an important impact on the fuel-oxidant macro-mixing. The flow patterns of the secondary stream are mainly determined by the design of cooler uptake and the kiln hood itself. The relationship between primary air jet momentum and secondary air velocity has a significant impact on the flame geometry as well as on the heat transfer to the material and refractory lining. 

The burner is equipped with a flame setting device to adjust the flame geometry. The readings on the scale refer directly to the adjustment of the deflection angle of flexible air hoses. For instance a 10° hose deflection angle is foreseen for a long flame (scale indication... 

The flame geometry is poor (short path-length) for atomic absorption. 

Fig. 1. Burning velocity. The rate at which a plane flame front advances into the cold unburned gas is called the burning velocity. The velocity depends primarily on the inlet conditions, gas composition, temperature, and pressure and is determined by measuring flame geometry and over-all flow rates. Burning velocity (Vo), in centimeters per second, equals the approach velocity (V,), in centimeters per second, of the gas multiplied by the sine of the angle (0) between the axis and the flame front. Courtesy of Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University.

A FURNACE COMBUSTION SYSTEM CONVERSION BY FLAMMATEC DURING OPERATION AT LIBBEY, INC. - HOW FLAME GEOMETRY IMPROVEMENT AND EXCESS AIR CONTROL CONTRIBUTES TO FUEL SAVINGS... 

Libbey summarized the transition to the FlammaTec burners as occurring as planned with no abnormal consequences. The initial burner set-up was made by visual observation of the flame shape and length to most closely replicate the baseline conditions. Secondary air / fuel ratios varied between 10% and 20% and were also set visually, based primarily on flame geometry. It quickly became apparent that the flame envelope stability was much more consistent than with the previous burners. 

Ishizuka, S. (1991). Determination of flammability limits using a tubular flame geometry, /. Loss Preo. Process. Ind., Vol. 4, pp. 185-193, ISSN 095fl4230... 

Figures 11.17 and 11.18 show that origination of the flame with linear dimensions between 1 and 10 m is routine and must be taken into consideration. For high displacement pressure Fq > 10 MPa and a nozzle size of some millimeters, the flame geometry becomes the most dangerous [37] this fact is additionally proved by Fig. 11.19 which presents the dependencies of the flame length and the diameter on the nozzle dimensions.

Counterflow flame geometries. Stretched one-dimensional flames... 

Figure 12. Counterflow diffusion flame geometry in forward stagnation region of a porous cylinder.

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