First loss

The effect of a mixture of an unspecified monoester sulfosuccinate and ole-finsulfonate in golden ide and rainbow trout was evaluated [118]. First losses... 

The first loss between 100°C and 400°C is 50% of the total or about 60% of the polymer. This suggests poly(vinyl chloride) ... 

In his diary Forman recorded that the plague came to Oxford around 1575, and he loste all that ever 1 had ther, bocks and all . This was the first loss of his books. Later that year or the next, when Forman had moved to Ashgrow, Wiltshire, the parson was brought to inspect his books. This appears to have been at the instigation of a Mr Cox, apparently a former employer whom Forman had offended.It is not clear why these books were considered suspicious and they seem not to have been confiscated. By the summer of 1579 Forman was in trouble with the law in Salisbury, and either just before, or in the process... 

While D41 decomposes rather continuously in three equidistant steps, G2 shows two early steps of mass loss which are followed by a longer period of stagnation followed by a third step. With the help of the mass spectrum the single steps can be attributed to different events within the decomposition process. The first two steps are caused by the loss of water, obviously evaporated from two different sites of the solid, which explains the separated steps, both more than 150°C above the boiling point of water. The first loss of water may be due to the small amount of water which is enclosed in the inner spheres of the solid whereas at 400°C the leaving of crystal water is observed, which had obviously been in strong interaction with the inorganic compound. 

Thermogravimetric analysis of I showed a two-step weight loss, the first loss corresponding to the loss of ammonia, amine and HF in the range 130-400 °C (obs. = 32.6%, calc. = 33.6%). The second weight loss occurs in the 460-850 °C range (obs. = 31%, calc. = 28%). The end product was found to be Mn304 (JCPDS file card PDF 00-001-1127). 

In compounds diacylated on the sugar residues at positions 3 and 3, the MS2 fragmentation showed a first loss of 162 units from the deprotonated molecular ion that must be due to the loss of the glucose that is not linked at position 4. ... 

In flavonoids acylated with aliphatic acids, the most common acids are acetic and malonic. In the MS fragmentation of the dicarboxylic acids (as malonic acid), a first loss of 44 mass units is observed (loss of the carboxylic radical, CO2), and this is due to decarboxylation. 

Two observations suggest near normal function for rcel cells. First, loss of Rcelp minimally impacts hematopoiesis in otherwise normal tissue [46]. Second, adoptive transfer of murine rcel fetal liver cells rescues hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice. Moreover, tissue-specific loss of Rcelp in liver also results in otherwise healthy mice, as judged histologically and biochemically (i.e., transaminase activity) [11]. These... 

Vrkic et al. [34] studied the fragmentation reactions of [M+H] of all 64 protonated ohgodeoxynucleotide trimers and of the 16 isomeric mixed-base tetramers in ion-trap MS-MS. Similar to negative-ion MS-MS, the first loss involves a nncleobase. The relative abundance of the resnlting fragment depends on the nncleobase (C G>A T) and its position (5 >3 >intemal). Fnrther MS experiments on the [M+H-BnH]" fragment ion result in 3 -C-0 phosphodiester cleavage to w- and (a-B)- ions. 

Direct loss of R and R from a 16-e complex without first loss of L and... 

The weakest, most labile bonds break first (loss of water, PTMs, etc). 

That division had been created with the acquisition of two cardiovascular equipment companies in 1982 and 1984. Then, in 1985 and 1989, there ensued acquisitions of producers of cardiac defibrillators. At the same time, Eli Lilly purchased Hybritech, a recently established diagnostic unit, which proved unable to compete with Abbott. In the fall of 1992 Lilly recorded the first loss in its history. 

Figure 6. Aerosol size distribution evolution during the first loss eharacterisation experiment.

Weight loss from the bottle is important in two respects. First, loss of water vapour will affect the concentration of all the formulation ingredients, and second, the fill volume will need adjustment to ensure there are sufficient initial contents to guarantee delivery of the stated number of shots during the whole of the shelf life of the product. 

This stage is divided into four planes characterized by increasing central nervous system depression first, loss of spinal reflexes second, decreased muscle reflexes third, paralysis of intercostal muscles and fourth, loss of most muscle tone. Stage 3 also is characterized by regular breathing, a loss of many reflexes, and roving eyeball movements. 

The three HPLC modes commonly used for the separation of these compounds include ion-exchange, reversed phase and reversed phase ion-pair. The p T values of the bases and nucleosides play a major role in determining their retention times in all chromatographic modes and a list is presented in Table 11.1.1 for reference (pAT b and pifaa refer to the first gain and to the first loss of a proton). 

In addition to debt, there may be unrated subordinated—or equity—interests issued. Although the equity interest in a CDO is structured like a bond, it does represent the residual interest in the CDO vehicle its return is variable and linked to the residual value of the collateral pool after all debt liabilities have been extinguished. Given that the equity resides in the first loss position, it carries the greatest risk and warrants the highest return—and represents a leveraged exposure to the asset class. More is offered on CDO equity later in this chapter. 

On the liability side, the structure will have tranches whose allocations of income and loss are predefined. From most junior to most senior, the tranches include equity, mezzanine, senior, and super-senior. Equity, or first loss, is analogous to the equity in a company s balance sheet, and represents the residual interest remaining after other liabilities are paid off. The mezzanine, or middle tier of risk, typically represents low-rated tranches all the way up to AA risk. Senior usually refers to AA and AAA risk. Super-senior represents a level of risk that is deeply subordinated (usually by at least 10%) to AAA, and as its name implies is regarded as extremely safe. In a structure that is not uncommon, we will assume all of the liability tranches are unfunded except for the equity. ... 

Of the total spread of the assets available to fund the tranches of liabilities in this example, fully 68.33% goes to the first loss piece even though this piece only represents 5% of the total potential loss. Meanwhile, a mere 7% of the available 15 million asset spread accrues to the most senior 70% of the capital structure. As with all CDOs, in this synthetic deal the senior tranches are providing leverage to the junior tranches in exchange for safety. 

For our portfolio, the analysis of expected losses to the first loss equity tranche might look like that shown in Exhibit 22.13. Our binomial distribution indicates that there is a 29.7% chance of 1 default occuring. This default would generate a 70% loss (30% recovery) on Vm of the portfolio, or about 1.43% of the total notional amount. How-... 

Sovereign High Yield First Loss, Equity,... 

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